Almond Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa' (F)
ABOUT
The Almond 'Macrocarpa' is a type of almond tree known for its beautiful appearance and the nutritious nuts it produces. The tree is adorned with stunning pink to white flowers that bloom before the foliage emerges, providing a lovely display of color in the spring. The flowers give way to the almonds later in the season, which are encased in a hard shell that protects the edible seed inside. The leaves of the Almond 'Macrocarpa' are lanceolate, meaning they are shaped like a lance, with a pointed tip and wider at the base, and have a bright green hue that creates a lush canopy. The bark is typically grey and can become deeply grooved as the tree matures. Overall, the Almond 'Macrocarpa' presents a picturesque addition to any garden or orchard, with its blossoms, foliage, and fruits contributing to its allure. The almonds themselves are larger than those of other varieties, hence the name 'Macrocarpa' which implies a larger fruit or seed. Their size makes them quite desirable for culinary uses, as they can be used in an array of dishes or consumed directly as a nutritious snack. Upon ripening, the outer hull of the almond splits open, revealing the shell that contains the edible kernel. The climate and care given to the tree can influence the quality and size of the almonds produced.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Rosaceae.
Synonyms
Almond, Sweet Almond, Large-Fruited Almond.
Common names
Amygdalus communis L. var. dulcis, Amygdalus dulcis Mill., Druparia dulcis Clairv., Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Prunus communis (L.) Arcang., Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb.
ToxicityTo humans
The almond tree, specifically Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa', primarily produces edible nuts that are consumed by humans. However, the raw kernels of bitter almond varieties contain amygdalin, which can release toxic hydrogen cyanide when chewed and digested. Consuming large quantities of raw bitter almonds can lead to symptoms like headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, difficulty in breathing, and in extreme cases, can cause cyanide poisoning which may be life-threatening. It is important to note that the cultivated sweet almond varieties, including almonds that are commercially sold for consumption, typically contain low to negligible amounts of amygdalin and are generally safe to eat.
To pets
The almond tree may pose a risk to pets, including both the sweet and bitter varieties. While the flesh of the nut itself is not toxic to dogs or cats, almonds can cause gastrointestinal upset or obstruction. Additionally, the bitter almond variety contains amygdalin, which can release hydrogen cyanide when ingested, and this can be especially harmful to pets. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning in pets can include vomiting, excessive salivation, agitation, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death. It is generally advised to keep almonds, particularly bitter almonds, away from pets to avoid the risk of poisoning.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
15 feet (4.57 meters)
Spread
10 feet (3.05 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
7
Native area
Middle East
Benefits
General Benefits- Nutritional Value: Almonds are a rich source of healthy fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals which are vital for overall health.
- Food Production: Almonds are widely consumed directly as nuts and are also used in a variety of culinary dishes and products like almond milk, oil, and butter.
- Economic Value: Almond farming is a significant industry providing income for farmers and contributing to the economies of producing countries.
- Landscape Value: With its attractive flowers and shape, almond trees are used for ornamental purposes to beautify landscapes and gardens.
- Habitat for Wildlife: These trees offer habitat and food to various wildlife species, particularly bees important for pollination.
- Soil Improvement: Almond trees can improve soil health by adding organic matter through leaf litter and root systems which enhance soil structure.
- Shade and Shelter: The trees provide shade and can reduce heat intensity around homes and in orchards which can help in energy conservation efforts.
Medical Properties- Anti-inflammatory: The oil from almonds, derived from Prunus dulcis, has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory properties.
- Cardiovascular health: Almond consumption is associated with beneficial effects on cholesterol levels, which is important for maintaining heart health.
- Antioxidant: Almonds are rich in vitamin E and other antioxidants, which help protect cells from damage by free radicals.
- Diabetes management: Almonds have a low glycemic index and can help in managing blood sugar levels, which is beneficial for patients with diabetes.
- Weight management: Their high protein and fiber content can promote satiety and help in weight management programs.
- Digestive health: The fiber in almonds can aid digestion and promote gut health.
- Skin health: Almond oil is often used in skincare for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Natural dye: The leaves and bark of the almond tree can be used to produce natural dyes for textiles and crafts, offering a range of brown and green hues.
- Woodworking: Almond wood is hard and durable, making it suitable for crafting furniture, tools, and even musical instruments like woodwind bodies.
- Alternative energy: The shells and biomass of almonds can be converted into biochar or used in the production of renewable energy through biomass power plants.
- Ornamental uses: Almond trees, with their beautiful blossoms, are often planted in gardens and parks for their decorative appearance.
- Culinary smoking: Wood chips from almond trees can be used for smoking meats to impart a nutty flavor to barbecued foods.
- Plant grafting: Almond trees can serve as rootstocks for grafting other stone fruit plants, such as peaches and nectarines, to improve disease resistance or adaptability to soil conditions.
- Craft materials: Almond shells can be used in craft projects, such as for making mosaics, decorative pieces, or as a natural abrasive in homemade scrubs.
- Livestock bedding: Ground almond shells can be utilized as a bedding material for livestock, providing a sustainable and absorbent option for farmers.
- Erosion control: Almond trees can be used in agricultural windbreaks and to stabilize soil, preventing erosion on slopes and in agricultural fields.
- Perfumery: The essential oil derived from almond blossoms can be used as a fragrance in the manufacture of perfumes and scented products.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Almond tree is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Almond tree is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Prosperity - Almonds, being valuable nuts in commerce, are often associated with wealth and the provision of sustenance.
- Hope - The almond tree is one of the first to flower in the year, often before its leaves even appear, symbolizing hope and the promise of renewal and new life.
- Watchfulness and Promptness - The rapid flowering of the almond tree has been seen as a symbol for swift action.
- Purity - The delicate white flowers of the almond tree can represent purity and innocence.
WaterThe almond tree (Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa') requires deep watering to encourage strong root development. During the growing season, it's best to water the tree once every one to two weeks, depending on the climate and soil moisture levels. Generally, you should provide about 1 to 2 gallons of water per square foot of soil every time you water. The actual amount may vary based on your local weather conditions; less water will be required if you receive rainfall. Ensure that the water penetrates deeply into the soil rather than just wetting the surface.
LightAlmond trees thrive under full sunlight. The best spot for your almond tree is an open area where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. Avoid planting it in the shade of larger trees or structures as this can hinder its growth and nut production.
TemperatureAlmond trees prefer a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. They can generally tolerate a temperature range between 45°F and 95°F, with the optimal growing range from 60°F to 85°F. Frost can damage the blossoms and should be avoided, especially during the blooming period.
PruningTo maintain a healthy almond tree and promote better nut production, yearly pruning is necessary. Remove any diseased or damaged limbs, thin crowded branches to allow light and air to penetrate the canopy, and cut back branches that are too vigorous. The best time to prune an almond tree is in late winter before new growth begins, to minimize the risk of infection and ensure a good yield.
CleaningAs needed
SoilAlmond trees including Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa', thrive in well-draining sandy loam soil with a pH of 6.0-7.5. A good mix can be created with garden soil, sand, and compost. Mulching helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
RepottingAlmond trees such as Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa' do not need frequent repotting. They should be repotted every 2 to 3 years or when they outgrow their current pot, ensuring continued healthy growth.
Humidity & MistingAlmond trees, including Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa', are adaptable to various humidity levels but prefer a moderate range, ideally between 40% and 60% for optimal growth.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Ensure full sun, well-draining soil, and spacious pot for indoor almond trees.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun, well-draining soil, and protect from strong winds for outdoor almonds.
Hardiness zone
7-9 USDA
Life cyclePrunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa', commonly known as the Almond tree, begins its life cycle with the germination of an almond seed, which occurs when soil temperatures and moisture levels are favorable, typically in the spring. The seedling emerges and develops into a young tree, going through a juvenile phase where it grows rapidly but does not produce fruit. After several years, the tree enters the reproductive phase, characterized by the production of fragrant pink to white blossoms that are cross-pollinated mainly by bees. Following pollination and fertilization, the flowers develop into drupes, the fleshy outer layer of which dries and splits to reveal the almond nut inside. The almond tree reaches maturity and full nut-producing potential after 5 to 6 years, but can continue to produce nuts for many years, with some trees fruiting for up to 50 years or more. The tree eventually enters senescence and declines in vigor and productivity before eventually dying, potentially leaving seeds that can give rise to new almond trees.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to early summer
The most common method for propagating the almond tree (Prunus dulcis 'Macrocarpa' (F)) is by grafting. This technique is usually carried out in late winter or early spring, before the tree begins its annual growth cycle. In grafting, a piece of a branch, known as a scion, from a mature, desirable almond tree is joined onto the rootstock of another tree. The scion, which is typically 4 to 6 inches (about 10 to 15 cm) in length, is cut at a diagonal to increase the surface area for joining. It's then fitted into a matching cut on the rootstock. The two pieces are bound together with grafting tape or a similar material, and the joint is often sealed with grafting wax to prevent dehydration and infection. Over time, the scion and the rootstock will grow together, and the resulting tree will bear fruit that is genetically identical to that of the scion's parent tree.
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