Feeding damage by insects includes holes or notches in leaves, removal of the tissue between leaf veins, tunnels in the plant tissue, root consumption, and others.

feeding damage by insects

The finished flowering period is part of the physiological process when the flowers die at the end of the flowering period. If fertilized, flowers develop into fruits.

finished flowering period

Downy mildew of cucurbits is a plant disease caused by the pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Typical symptoms include small yellow spots or water-soaked lesions on top of the leaves, which can later turn brown in the center.

cucurbit downy mildew

Downy mildew is a plant disease caused by pathogens belonging to the Peronosporaceae family. Typical symptoms are large, angular yellow spots on top of the leaves, which turn brown later on.

downy mildew

Too much light can be harmful, especially to shade-loving plants. The excess light energy is converted to heat and can cause damage to the plant. The plant develops symptoms such as yellow or brown spots on the foliage, yellowing of the leaves, brown crispy leaf edges or tips, and wilting. In serious cases, excess light leads to sunburn or sunscald.

light excess

Fungi take energy from the plants on which they live, causing damage to the plant. Fungal infections are responsible for approximately two-thirds of infectious plant diseases and cause wilting, molding, rusts, scabs, rotted tissue, and other problems.

Fungi

Rust is a large group of common fungal diseases with typical symptoms of leaf spots that develop into spore-producing structures called pustules, varying in color.

rust

Disorders induced by organisms from the animal kingdom. These pests cause direct damage by feeding on leaves, stems, roots, and other parts of the plant or by inhabiting plant tissues. Pests can also spread bacterial and viral diseases.

Animalia

Plants need a certain air humidity and can suffer from dry air when the humidity is low, especially during winter. In dry air, plants may develop brown edges, become yellow and crispy, and the whole plant wilts.

dry air

Plant death occurs when all parts of the plant (including stems and roots) irreversibly lose their vitality. The dead plant usually loses its leaves or has brown leaves and mushy stems and roots.

dead plant

Root rot is an abiotic disorder caused by prolonged exposure to overwatered conditions usually due to overwatering or a poor drainage system. Some roots can eventually start to decay or rot away spreading the rot to other roots even after the conditions are back to normal. Symptoms include wilting and discoloration of leaves, stunted growth, and cankers. However, the symptoms are often not apparent until the disease is advanced.

root rot

Lack of light may lead to a leggy and weak appearance of the plant. Such plants often grow long internodes with smaller leaves, have stunted growth or the leaves become yellow.

lack of light

Water deficiency is similar in its symptoms to over-watering and it is important to identify the cause. Symptoms include slow growth, wilting, discolored leaves and flowers, burning on edges of leaves. The affected plant can also suffer from disrupted nutrient uptake.

water deficiency

Senescence is a process of aging that can occur due to physiological aging or environmental stress.

senescence

Nutrient deficiency is caused by a lack of macronutrients or micronutrients essential for the plant. This can be caused by insufficient amounts of nutrients in the soil or unsuitable conditions for nutrients uptake.

nutrient deficiency

Water excess and uneven watering are abiotic disorders caused by inadequate watering. Water excess may lead to rotting of the roots due to lack of oxygen, and higher susceptibility to infection. Symptoms of over-watering include stunted growth, yellow and brown leaves, wilting and higher susceptibility to leaf burn.

water excess or uneven watering

Chrysanthemum white rust is a fungal disease caused by Puccinia horiana. It leads to the development of yellow or green spots on the upper surface of the leaves, which can later become brown and necrotic. Pink or white pustules on the bottom side of leaves are also characteristic.

Chrysanthemum white rust

Hosta virus X causes infectious disease in hostas, leading to the development of green-colored spots on leaves that may give them a mottled appearance. Other symptoms include brown spots and twisted leaves.

Hosta virus X

Late blight is caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, often occurring in tomatoes and potatoes. Typical symptoms are water-soaked gray-green spots on older leaves, large brown blotches on leaves, dry brown foliage, and dark brown spots on fruits.

late blight

Fire blight is a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. It typically affects trees and shrubs leading to a burnt appearance.

fire blight

Sphaeropsis blight (Diplodia tip blight) is caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea (also known as Diplodia pinea) and the symptoms include browning and stunting of the needles, branch dieback, cankers, and root disease.

Sphaeropsis blight

Peach leaf curl is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Taphrina deformans leading to distorted reddened leaves and defoliation. The spores are carried by wind and air and can overwinter in buds and bark. The disease affects leaves, blossoms, fruits, and shoots of peaches, nectarines, almonds, and apricots.

peach leaf curl

Black knot is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Apiosporina morbosa. It affects trees from the genus Prunus (such as apricots, plums, and cherry trees). Infected trees develop swollen black galls on branches and trunks. Many Prunus trees tolerate black knot disease, but some of them develop more serious symptoms such as wilting and dying of the branches.

black knot

Armillaria root rot is a widespread fungal disease caused by the genus Armillaria, which attacks the roots and base of trees and woody plants. It typically leads to white rot and other symptoms such as poor growth, yellow foliage, dieback of twigs and branches, and eventual death of the plant.