Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii 'Red Arrow'
ABOUT
Andropogon gerardii 'Red Arrow', commonly known as Big Bluestem, is characterized by its striking, upright growth habit and deep green foliage that transitions into rich, reddish-purple hues in the fall. The leaves are slender and elongated, gradually tapering to a point, with a distinctive blue-green tint during the earlier growing season. This color shift in the fall gives the plant its 'Red Arrow' name, alluding to the reddish tones similar to that of an arrow set ablaze. In the summertime, the plant produces tall, fluffy flower spikes that emerge with an appealing reddish-purple color. These flowers bear a resemblance to the feathery outlines of turkey footprints, which, in fact, is another common nickname for this plant variety due to the shape of its inflorescences. As autumn approaches, the flowers transform into striking bronze seed heads that stand out against the changing foliage. The overall appearance of Big Bluestem 'Red Arrow' is one of robust vigor and dynamic seasonal transformation, making it a visually interesting and texturally rich addition to any landscape where its colors can fully develop and be appreciated.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Poaceae
Synonyms
Big Bluestem, Turkeyfoot
Common names
Andropogon furcatus, Andropogon hallii, Andropogon provincialis, Sorghum gerardii, Andropogon gerardii.
ToxicityTo humans
Big bluestem is not known to be toxic to humans. There are no commonly reported symptoms of poisoning because it is generally considered non-poisonous. Therefore, ingesting parts of the Big bluestem should not cause any toxic consequences to humans under normal circumstances.
To pets
Big bluestem is also not known to be toxic to pets. It is generally considered safe for animals, and there are no typical symptoms associated with poisoning from this plant. As such, pets ingesting parts of Big bluestem are not expected to suffer from any toxic effects.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Varies
Height
4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters)
Spread
2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters)
Plant type
Grass
Hardiness zones
4-9
Native area
North America
Benefits
General Benefits- Drought Tolerance: Andropogon gerardii 'Red Arrow' (Big Bluestem) is highly resistant to periods of low water availability.
- Erosion Control: The deep root system helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
- Wildlife Habitat: Provides shelter and food for birds and other wildlife.
- Low Maintenance: Requires minimal care once established, reducing the need for watering, fertilizing, and mowing.
- Seasonal Interest: Offers visual interest across seasons, with foliage changing color in the fall.
- Structural Interest: Adds vertical structure to gardens or landscapes with its tall, upright growth habit.
- Adaptability: Can thrive in a wide range of soil types, from well-drained to clay soils.
- Native Planting: As a native species, it supports local ecosystems and biodiversity.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Wildlife Shelter: Big bluestem provides cover for wildlife, creating a natural habitat for birds and small animals to seek refuge, build nests, and raise their young.
- Thatch Roof Material: The strong and durable stems of big bluestem can be used as a traditional material for creating thatched roofs for rustic shelters or garden features.
- Natural Dye: The leaves and stems of big bluestem can be used to produce a natural dye for textiles, providing a range of colors depending on the mordant used.
- Erosion Control: The deep and fibrous root system of big bluestem helps stabilize soil and can be planted on slopes or areas prone to erosion to prevent soil loss.
- Decorative Crafts: The colorful, fluffy seed heads and tall grass stems are used in dried flower arrangements and for creating decorative wreaths and other crafts.
- Fodder for Livestock: While not unusual historically, big bluestem is still used as a nutritious fodder for grazing animals, particularly in sustainable agriculture systems.
- Sound Barrier: When planted in dense stands, big bluestem can act as a sound barrier, reducing noise pollution in outdoor spaces near roads or industrial areas.
- Biodegradable Mulch: The leaves and stems, when dried and shredded, can be used as a natural, biodegradable mulch that enriches the soil as it decomposes.
- Edible Grain: Although not commonly consumed today, the seeds of big bluestem are edible and were once used as a food source by indigenous peoples.
- Fiber Production: The strong stems of big bluestem can provide fibers that may be explored for their potential in making paper or as a component in biodegradable plastic alternatives.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiBig Bluestem is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityBig Bluestem is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Flexibility and Adaptability: Commonly known as Big Bluestem, this tallgrass prairie native symbolizes flexibility and adaptability, as it bends gracefully with strong winds instead of breaking.
- Resilience and Strength: Big Bluestem's deep root system, which can extend up to 12 feet into the ground, illustrates resilience and strength, mirroring its ability to survive harsh conditions and regrow after disturbances.
- Prosperity and Growth: Its role as a primary component in the North American prairie ecosystem makes Big Bluestem signify prosperity and growth, as it provides nutrients that support the life of many other species.
- Balance and Harmony: The 'Red Arrow' variety of Big Bluestem, with its vertical growth and seasonal color changes, represents balance and harmony in the natural world, connecting earth and sky.
WaterBig Bluestem, scientifically known as Andropogon gerardii 'Red Arrow', should be watered regularly during its first growing season to establish a deep root system. Once established, it is tolerant to drought and requires less frequent watering. Water the plant deeply, applying about 1 inch of water once a week during periods of no rainfall. In times of extreme heat or prolonged dry spells, you might need to water twice a week. It is essential to avoid overwatering, so always check the soil moisture before watering again.
LightBig Bluestem needs full sun to thrive, meaning it requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. The best spot for this grass is an open area where it is not overshadowed by trees or buildings. If planted in too much shade, the plant may become leggy and fail to develop its characteristic rich, red coloration.
TemperatureBig Bluestem is a hardy plant that can survive a range of temperatures. It can withstand temperatures as low as -20°F and as high as 100°F, but it thrives best when temperatures are between 70°F and 90°F. This grass is well-suited for temperate climates and is quite resilient to variations in temperature once established.
PruningPruning Big Bluestem is generally done to maintain its shape and remove old foliage. Cut back the plant to about 3 inches high either in late winter or early spring before new growth commences. This will encourage a flush of fresh, new leaves and maintain the plant's attractive appearance. Pruning once a year is sufficient for the health and aesthetics of the plant.
CleaningAs needed
SoilBig Bluestem 'Red Arrow' prefers a soil mix that is well-draining, consisting of loamy or sandy soil, and can thrive in a pH range of 5.8 to 7.2. Amend the soil with compost to provide nutrients and enhance drainage.
RepottingBig Bluestem 'Red Arrow' is a perennial grass and typically does not require frequent repotting. It is best to divide and repot every 3-5 years to maintain vigor and manage growth.
Humidity & MistingBig Bluestem 'Red Arrow' is tolerant of a wide range of humidity conditions and thrives in the ambient outdoor humidity found within its growing zones.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Grow Big Bluestem 'Red Arrow' in a sunny spot with a well-draining pot.
Outdoor
Plant in sun, spacing well, water initially, low maintenance.
Hardiness zone
3-9 USDA
Life cycleBig Bluestem 'Red Arrow' begins its life cycle with seed germination, usually in late spring or early summer, when soil temperatures reach an optimal range for the seeds to sprout. Seedlings emerge and establish a root system, becoming young plants with characteristic green foliage tinged with shades of red. As the plant matures, it grows tall, up to 6 feet, developing sturdy stems alongside its dense, fibrous root system, which is essential for surviving in prairie environments. During summer, the plant reaches the flowering stage, where it produces purplish-bronze flower spikes that later develop into seeds. In the autumn, the leaves and stems undergo a notable transformation to deep red and purple hues, providing striking fall coloration. Finally, as winter approaches, the plant enters dormancy, with above-ground growth dying back, while the roots remain alive underground, ready to regrow come next spring.
PropogationPropogation time
Late Summer-early Fall
Andropogon gerardii 'Red Arrow', commonly known as Big Bluestem, is best propagated through division, a process typically done in the spring. To propagate Big Bluestem by division, begin by digging up an established clump of the grass once the soil can be worked. Carefully split the clump into smaller sections, making sure each section has a portion of the root system. Replant the divisions immediately, spacing them about 18 to 24 inches (45 to 60 cm) apart to allow ample room for growth. Water the new plantings thoroughly to establish them and continue to provide water as needed, especially during dry spells, to help the plants become established in their new location.
