Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 'Irish Eyes'
ABOUT
The plant known as 'Irish Eyes' is a strikingly vibrant member of the Black-eyed Susan family with unique aesthetic characteristics. Bearing a close resemblance to the classic Black-eyed Susan, this plant boasts large, daisy-like flowers with brilliant golden-yellow petals that radiate from the center like the sun's rays. What sets 'Irish Eyes' apart is the eye-catching light green to greenish-yellow cone at the heart of each bloom, replacing the typical dark brown or black centers of its relatives. This cheerful and bright green cone is ringed by a profusion of the golden petals, and together, they create a delightful contrast that is as eye-catching as it is unusual. The leaves of 'Irish Eyes' are a lush green and have a slightly rugged or hairy texture, adding a rich backdrop to the vivid blossoms. As a hardy plant, 'Irish Eyes' is popular among garden enthusiasts who wish to add a splash of lasting color to their landscapes, especially during the bloom period from late spring through to the first frost of fall. The stems are sturdy and hold the flowers aloft, making them excellent options for cut flower arrangements that bring the brightness of the garden indoors. The charm of the 'Irish Eyes' Black-eyed Susan lies in its radiant flowers, green conical centers, and robust foliage, all of which come together to create an alluring display of natural beauty.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Asteraceae.
Synonyms
Black-Eyed Susan, Gloriosa Daisy, Yellow Ox-Eye Daisy, Brown-Eyed Susan, Golden Jerusalem.
Common names
Rudbeckia hirta 'Irish Eyes'.
ToxicityTo humans
Black-eyed Susan is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, as with many plants, it could potentially cause mild irritation or an allergic reaction if handled or ingested in large quantities. It is always advisable to avoid eating plants not confirmed as safe for consumption. There are no widespread reports of serious poisoning from Black-eyed Susans, but individuals with sensitivities or allergies should exercise caution.
To pets
Black-eyed Susan is also considered non-toxic to pets. It is important to note, however, that ingesting any plant material can potentially lead to gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, in some pets. If a pet ingests a substantial amount, it is best to observe for any signs of distress and consult a veterinarian if any concerning symptoms arise.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Biennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
2 feet (61 cm)
Spread
1.5 feet (45 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
3-7
Native area
North America
Benefits
General Benefits- Attracts Pollinators: Rudbeckia hirta 'Irish Eyes', commonly known as Black-eyed Susan, draws bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, supporting local ecosystems.
- Drought Tolerant: Once established, Black-eyed Susans are tolerant of drought, making them suitable for xeriscaping and low-water gardens.
- Easy to Grow: They are known for their ease of cultivation, thriving in a variety of soil types and requiring minimal maintenance.
- Long Blooming: Black-eyed Susans have a long flowering season, often from midsummer to early fall, providing extended color and interest.
- Deer Resistant: They are relatively resistant to deer, making them a good choice for gardens in areas with significant deer populations.
- Supports Wildlife: The seeds of Black-eyed Susan are a food source for birds in the fall and winter, contributing to biodiversity.
- Landscape Versatility: They serve well as border plants, in wildflower gardens, and as cut flowers due to their bright, distinctive appearance.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Rudbeckia hirta 'Irish Eyes', commonly known as Black-eyed Susan, can be used as a natural dye source, where the flowers yield a range of yellow to green colors that may be used in textile dyeing.
- Its flowers are often used in dried flower arrangements. When dried properly, they retain a significant portion of their color and shape, making them popular in long-lasting displays.
- In edible landscaping, Black-eyed Susan can add a bright, ornamental appearance amongst other edible plants due to its vibrant flowers and attractive foliage.
- As a companion plant in vegetable gardens, it can help with insect management by attracting beneficial predators that feast on common garden pests.
- The coarse texture of the plant’s foliage may also be considered for contrasting design elements in a sensory garden, stimulating touch.
- The seeds of Black-eyed Susan can be used to feed birds, especially during the fall and winter months when food is scarce.
- Black-eyed Susan is also employed in arts and crafts for making natural floral collages because of its distinct and colorful blooms.
- During nature education programs, Black-eyed Susan can be used to teach students about plant biology and pollination, as it is a favorite of pollinators like butterflies and bees.
- In photography and painting, the plant's vivid colors and shapes are often chosen as subjects for their aesthetic appeal and contrast.
- Create a natural potpourri mix using the dried petals of Black-eyed Susan, complemented with other dried flowers and spices to bring a pleasant fragrance to living spaces.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiBlack-eyed Susan is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityBlack-eyed Susan is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Justice: Rudbeckia hirta, commonly known as Black-eyed Susan, often symbolizes justice, perhaps due to its bold and striking appearance that can stand out in a landscape, representing fairness and equality.
- Encouragement: With their bright, cheerful flowers, Black-eyed Susans are seen as a symbol of encouragement, offering a sense of optimism and support.
- Good Fortune: The plant is occasionally associated with good luck, with the vibrant yellow petals representing a golden path ahead.
- Motivation: Black-eyed Susans embody motivation because of their vigorous growth and resilience, inspiring individuals to push through challenges.
- Happiness: Their bright, sunny appearance is often linked to happiness and a celebration of positivity.
WaterBlack-eyed Susan should be watered deeply once a week, providing about an inch of water which equates to approximately half a gallon for an average-sized plant. During hotter, drier periods, increase watering frequency to twice a week. It's important to water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage which can promote disease. Ensure the soil is well-drained and check that the top inch of soil is dry before watering again.
LightBlack-eyed Susan thrives in full sun conditions, requiring a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight each day. The ideal spot for this plant is in an area where it can receive unfiltered sunlight throughout the day. While it can tolerate partial shade, too little light may result in fewer blooms and leggy stems.
TemperatureBlack-eyed Susan is tolerant of a wide range of temperatures, thriving in conditions between 60°F and 70°F. It can withstand minimum temperatures down to 30°F and maximum temperatures up to 85°F. For optimal growth, placing this plant in a location where it is protected from extreme heat is beneficial.
PruningPruning Black-eyed Susan is typically done to remove spent flowers, which encourages further blooming, and to maintain its shape. Deadheading, or cutting off the faded blooms, can be done throughout the blooming season. In late fall, cut back the stems to a few inches above the ground after the plant has gone dormant.
CleaningAs needed
SoilBlack-eyed Susan 'Irish Eyes' thrives in well-draining soil rich in organic matter with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.0. The best mix would be equal parts garden soil, peat or compost, and sharp sand. Keeping the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged is key to healthy growth.
RepottingBlack-eyed Susan 'Irish Eyes' doesn't require frequent repotting as it is a perennial that can be left undisturbed for several years. Repotting every 3-4 years or when it outgrows its current container is sufficient.
Humidity & MistingBlack-eyed Susan 'Irish Eyes' is not particularly humidity sensitive and can tolerate the average outdoor humidity levels well. It does not have specific humidity requirements, making it adaptable to various outdoor conditions.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in bright, indirect light and ensure good air circulation.
Outdoor
Full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil are best.
Hardiness zone
3-9 USDA.
Life cycleThe Black-eyed Susan 'Irish Eyes' begins its life cycle when the seeds are sown in late winter or early spring, after the last frost when they germinate in soil that is kept consistently moist. The seedlings emerge and grow rapidly, developing a basal rosette of hairy leaves before sending up flowering stems in late spring to summer. During its flowering stage, the plant produces yellow daisy-like flowers with a green center disc, which attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies. After pollination, the flowers mature into seed heads that eventually dry and release seeds in late summer to fall, completing the reproductive cycle. The plant may die back in the first year if it is an annual variety, but if it is grown as a perennial, it will go dormant in winter before regrowing from the root system the following spring. Over the years, these perennials can form clumps and may need to be divided to maintain vigor.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Summer
The Black-eyed Susan, specifically the Rudbeckia hirta 'Irish Eyes', is most commonly propagated by seeds. The best time to sow these seeds is either in late fall or early spring. To propagate by seeds, you would first select a well-draining soil medium and then scatter the seeds on the surface, pressing them lightly into the soil without covering them, as they need light to germinate. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Germination should occur in 1-2 weeks when done in warm conditions around 70°F (approximately 21°C). Once the seedlings have developed a couple of sets of true leaves, they can be thinned or transplanted to their final location where they can enjoy full sun to partial shade.
