Brazilian Pine Araucaria angustifolia
ABOUT
Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Brazilian pine, is a majestic evergreen conifer native to South America. It exhibits a striking symmetrical shape with a pyramid-like canopy. The branches tend to be horizontal and are arranged in whorls around the central trunk, which is covered with rough, grayish-bark. The leaves of the Brazilian pine are sharp, thick, and scale-like, closely covering the branches. These leaves are dark green, have a glossy texture, and are triangular in shape with a somewhat curved appearance, which gives the branches a bristled look. The plant is dioecious, meaning that it has separate male and female plants. The male cones are elongated and typically form at the end of the branches while the female cones are more globular and considerably larger in size. The seeds of the Brazilian pine, often called 'pine nuts,' are enclosed within the female cones and are notably large and nutritious. These seeds are an important food source for local wildlife. In terms of its general aesthetic, the Brazilian pine manages to exude both grandeur and delicacy. The dense foliage and the regular arrangement of branches create a texture that is simultaneously lush and ordered, adding visual and environmental value to landscapes in which it is planted.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Araucariaceae
Synonyms
Brazilian Pine, Parana Pine, Candelabra Tree, Parana Larch, Brazilian Araucaria
Common names
Araucaria brasiliana, Columbea angustifolia, Araucaria augustifolia.
ToxicityTo humans
Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Brazilian pine, is generally not considered toxic to humans. No significant toxicity has been reported from ingesting parts of this plant. It is important, however, for individuals to be cautious and avoid ingesting plants that are not known to be safe as food sources.
To pets
The Brazilian pine, or Araucaria angustifolia, is not commonly listed as a toxic plant to pets. There is limited information on its toxicity, and it does not appear to be a common cause of poisoning in pets. However, as with any non-food plant, it is best to prevent pets from ingesting it, as it could potentially cause gastrointestinal upset or other issues due to the non-digestible nature of many plants.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Height
164 feet [50 meters]
Spread
20 feet [6 meters]
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
9
Native area
South America
Benefits
General Benefits- Economic Importance: Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Brazilian pine, is commercially valuable for its timber, which is used in construction and furniture making.
- Ornamental Use: Due to its symmetrical shape and attractive foliage, it's widely used as an ornamental tree in parks and large gardens.
- Climate Resilience: The Brazilian pine is adapted to cope with cooler temperatures and can be used in reforestation projects in appropriate climates, contributing to ecosystem recovery.
- Erosion Control: With its extensive root system, it helps stabilize soils and prevent erosion in areas where it is planted.
- Food Source: The seeds, known as pinhão, are edible and are a traditional food source in certain cultures, particularly in southern Brazil.
- Habitat Provision: Araucaria angustifolia forests provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species, supporting biodiversity.
Medical Properties- This plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- The wood of the Brazilian pine is often used in the construction of musical instruments, due to its acoustic properties.
- Resin from Brazilian pine can be used as a natural glue in various traditional craftmaking.
- The seeds of Brazilian pine, commonly known as pinhão, are often roasted and eaten during winter months in Southern Brazil, being a cultural culinary tradition.
- The tree's symmetrical shape and attractive foliage make it a popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks in temperate climates.
- Branches and foliage of the Brazilian pine are sometimes used in floral arrangements and decorations for their unique appearance.
- The fibrous bark of Brazilian pine can be utilized in the making of crafts such as baskets and mats.
- The wood chips and sawdust from Brazilian pine can be used as mulch for gardening or in landscaping to suppress weeds and retain soil moisture.
- In some rural areas, the Brazilian pine’s large branches are used to create rustic furniture and outdoor decorations.
- The dense canopy of Brazilian pine provides habitat and nesting sites for various species of birds and other wildlife, thereby contributing to biodiversity conservation.
- The tree is often used for reforestation projects due to its fast growth rate and adaptability to poor soil conditions.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Araucaria, commonly known as the Monkey Puzzle Tree, is not commonly used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Monkey Puzzle Tree is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Resilience: The Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Brazilian pine, is a species known for its ability to adapt and survive in various climates, symbolizing resilience and adaptability.
- Longevity: Brazilian pines can live for many years, making them a symbol of longevity and endurance.
- Heritage and Tradition: In Brazil, the Brazilian pine holds cultural significance and can represent a connection to one's heritage and traditional values.
- Protection: With its towering and evergreen presence, the Brazilian pine is often seen as a symbol of protection and guardianship.
WaterThe Brazilian pine should be watered deeply when the top few inches of soil feel dry, roughly every one to two weeks depending on the humidity and temperature. It is important not to overwater, as the plant does not tolerate soggy soil well. A good method is to pour water slowly around the base until it begins to runoff, indicating that the soil is thoroughly moist. For an average-sized plant, this might be around 1 to 2 gallons per watering. Adjust the amount of water during the hotter months and reduce it during the cooler, dormancy period.
LightThe Brazilian pine prefers bright, indirect sunlight such as what would be found in an east or north-facing room. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, whereas too little light can lead to sparse growth. The ideal spot is near a window that receives plenty of light but is shielded from the harsh midday sun.
TemperatureBrazilian pine thrives in a temperature range of 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. It can tolerate a minimum of 55 degrees Fahrenheit and should be protected from temperatures exceeding 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Maintaining a stable environment within these temperature parameters optimizes growth and health.
PruningPruning the Brazilian pine is typically done to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the plant if necessary. The best time to prune is in the spring, before new growth begins. Pruning should be done sparingly, as this plant does not recover well from heavy cutting. Remove only what is necessary, and always use clean, sharp pruning shears.
CleaningAs needed
SoilBrazilian pine requires well-draining soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. A mixture of peat, perlite, and pine bark is suitable for its growth. Make sure to avoid soggy conditions to prevent root rot.
RepottingBrazilian pine should be repotted every 2-3 years until maturity. After reaching maturity, it can be repotted less frequently, or only when rootbound, to avoid stressing the plant.
Humidity & MistingBrazilian pine thrives best in moderate to high humidity levels. Aim for a humidity range of 50-60% for optimal growth conditions.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Brazilian pine in bright, indirect light and keep room humid.
Outdoor
Brazilian pine needs sun, shelter from wind, and well-draining soil.
Hardiness zone
9-11 USDA
Life cycleThe Brazilian Pine, Araucaria angustifolia, begins its life as a seed, typically germinating in moist soil conditions after dispersal from the parent tree's cones. After germination, the seedling stage follows, characterized by the development of a taproot and the first leaves, which are often needle-like and photosynthetic. As the seedling grows, it enters the juvenile stage, developing its characteristic pyramidal shape and gaining height until it becomes a mature tree, which can take several decades. The mature Brazilian Pine, now with a thick, scaly bark, produces male and female cones; the male cones release pollen while the female cones catch pollen to fertilize the seeds. Once fertilized, the female cones mature over several years before they release seeds and the cycle begins anew. A mature Brazilian Pine can live for several hundred years, continuing to reproduce and contributing to the forest community's biodiversity.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to Summer
The most popular method of propagating the Brazilian Pine, or Araucaria angustifolia, involves using its seeds. Seed propagation is typically initiated during spring to allow the seedlings to establish themselves over a growing season. Fresh seeds are sown at a depth of about 1 inch (or 2.5 centimeters) in soil that has good drainage and is rich in organic matter. Seedlings emerge in a few weeks, but it is crucial to maintain a consistently moist soil until germination. After the seedlings have grown enough to handle, they are typically transplanted to individual pots where they continue to grow under controlled conditions before being replanted outdoors.
