Larkspur Delphinium elatum
ABOUT
Delphinium elatum, commonly known as bee delphinium or candle larkspur, is a perennial plant renowned for its striking, showy spikes of flowers that come in a variety of blues, ranging from pale to deep, as well as purples, whites, and sometimes pinks or reds. This plant has multiple stems that are sturdy and upright, each topped with a raceme of numerous flowers that are densely packed together. The individual flowers are typically shaped like little dolphins, hence the name delphinium, with a prominent spur at the back. The leaves are deeply cut and lobed, having a lush green appearance and providing a contrasting backdrop to the vibrant floral display. These leaves often have a slightly hairy surface texture. Toward the base of the plant, the foliage becomes denser, creating a bushy appearance. Its dramatic flower spires make it a favored choice for planting in cottage gardens or as part of a mixed border to provide vertical interest. In full bloom, bee delphinium makes for an eye-catching addition to any garden, with its majestic flowers that attract pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. It is also popular as a cut flower because of its long-lasting qualities and vibrant colors.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Ranunculaceae.
Synonyms
Candle Larkspur, Alpine Delphinium, Tall Larkspur.
Common names
Delphinium elatum subsp. elatum, Delphinium intermedium, Delphinium glaucum, Delphinium azureum.
ToxicityTo humans
The Larkspur is a plant known for its beauty as well as its toxicity. All parts of the plant, including seeds, flowers, and leaves, contain poisonous alkaloids such as delphinine, which are extremely toxic to humans if ingested. Symptoms of Larkspur poisoning may include nausea, muscle weakness, abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing. Severe poisoning can lead to paralysis of the respiratory system, potentially resulting in death if not treated promptly. Therefore, caution should be exerted to ensure that no part of the plant is consumed.
To pets
Larkspur poses a significant risk to pets, especially to cattle, but can also harm domestic animals such as dogs and cats if they ingest any part of the plant. The alkaloids, particularly delphinine, can lead to symptoms such as drooling, loss of coordination, muscle tremors, and respiratory failure. In severe cases, ingestion of Larkspur could be fatal for pets. Immediate veterinary care is crucial if a pet is suspected to have ingested Larkspur.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Varies
Height
3-6 feet (0.9-1.8 meters)
Spread
2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
3-7
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Delphinium elatum, commonly known as Larkspur, is highly valued for its tall spikes of colorful flowers and is often used in gardens and landscape designs to add vertical interest.
- Attracts Pollinators: The colorful blooms of Larkspur attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, aiding in pollination of gardens.
- Complementary Plant: Larkspur can be planted alongside other perennials and annuals to create a diverse and aesthetically pleasing garden display.
- Cut Flowers: Larkspur makes for long-lasting cut flowers that can bring beauty and elegance to floral arrangements and bouquets.
- Seasonal Interest: Larkspur provides seasonal interest with its early summer bloom time, filling the gap between spring bulbs and summer perennials.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Delphinium elatum, commonly known as Larkspur, can be used as a natural dye, offering a range of colors from blues to purples depending on the mordant used.
- The tall, elegant stalks of Larkspur can be used as a structural element in floral arrangements, providing height and a vertical accent.
- Gardeners familiar with companion planting sometimes use Larkspur to attract pollinators like bees to their gardens, thereby benefiting other nearby plants.
- Larkspur is employed in the art of pressing flowers, where its vivid blooms retain color well, making it ideal for decorative crafts and keepsakes.
- In some traditions, dried Larkspur flowers are used as part of natural potpourris for their color and subtle fragrance.
- The seeds of Larkspur are sometimes used in traditional textile practices to embellish clothing with natural seed embroidery.
- Farmers may plant Larkspur along the edges of fields as a barrier plant due to its toxicity, which can deter certain pests and grazing animals.
- Larkspur has been used historically in festivals and ceremonies to symbolize good luck, with the flowers often included in bouquets or decorations.
- The distinctive shape of Larkspur blooms makes them a favorite choice for botanical illustrators and artists specializing in plant and flower artwork.
- In some cultures, Larkspur is added to compost piles as its purported antibacterial properties are believed to help accelerate the breakdown process.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Larkspur is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Larkspur is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Openness to New Experiences: Delphinium, also known as Larkspur, often symbolizes a willingness to embrace new opportunities and experiences.
- Protection: In some traditions, Larkspur is thought to ward off negative energies and protect from dangers.
- Ardent Attachment: The flower represents strong bonds of love, indicating an intense and passionate attachment to someone.
- Lightness and Levity: With its airy and graceful blooms, Larkspur symbolizes a sense of lightness and joy in life.
- July Birth Flower: As the birth flower for July, Larkspur signifies the light-heartedness and cheer that is often associated with the height of summer.
WaterThe common name for Delphinium elatum is Larkspur, and it prefers consistent moisture without being waterlogged. Water Larkspur deeply once a week, providing about 1 gallon of water per plant, ensuring that the soil is moist but not saturated. During the active growing season, in the spring and summer, Larkspur may require more frequent watering, especially if the weather is particularly hot or dry. Check the top inch of soil before watering; if it feels dry, it's time to water. Reduce watering in the fall as the plant prepares for dormancy.
LightLarkspur requires full sunlight to thrive and should be placed in a location where it can receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. While the plant can tolerate some partial shade, too much shade can lead to weak stems and poor flowering. An ideal spot for Larkspur would be in an area with clear exposure to the sun, away from large trees or buildings that could create significant shade.
TemperatureLarkspur thrives in cooler temperatures and can be quite hardy once established. The ideal temperature range for Larkspur is between 50°F and 65°F, though it can survive in temperatures as low as 40°F and as high as 75°F. Larkspur should be protected from extreme heat, as high temperatures may diminish blooming and cause stress to the plant.
PruningPruning Larkspur is essential for maintaining plant health and encouraging a second bloom. Deadhead spent flowers regularly to promote additional blooms. At the end of the blooming season, cut back the flower stalks to their base to tidy up the plant. In late fall or early winter, after the first frost, prune Larkspur down to the ground as it goes dormant to prepare for the next growing season.
CleaningAs needed
SoilLarkspur (Delphinium elatum) thrives best in fertile, well-draining soil with a pH ranging from 6.3 to 6.8. An ideal soil mix for larkspur would consist of equal parts loam, organic compost, and a bit of sand or perlite to enhance drainage. Regularly amending the soil with compost or well-rotted manure will help maintain its rich, loamy quality and support vigorous growth.
RepottingLarkspur (Delphinium elatum) generally do not need frequent repotting and can thrive in the same pot for several years. They are typically grown as annuals or short-lived perennials. However, if grown as perennials, they should be divided or repotted every 3-4 years to maintain their health and vigor.
Humidity & MistingLarkspur (Delphinium elatum) prefer moderate humidity levels but are quite adaptable and can tolerate the drier air found in most home environments. Ensuring good air circulation around the plant can help prevent issues like powdery mildew, which can occur in high humidity.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Ensure bright, indirect light and good air flow for larkspur indoors.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun with well-draining soil and space for air.
Hardiness zone
3-7 USDA
Life cycleDelphinium elatum, commonly known as larkspur, begins its life as a seed, which germinates in spring when soil temperatures increase. After germination, it develops a root system and shoots that form into a rosette of leaves close to the ground. In the second year, the plant bolsters its growth, sending up tall flowering spikes that can reach several feet in height, flowering in early summer. The flowers are hermaphroditic, containing both male and female organs, and are pollinated by bees, butterflies, and other insects. Following pollination, the flowers develop into follicles that contain numerous small, black seeds. The plant can then enter a period of dormancy in the winter, and with sufficient cold stratification, it can survive to regrow in the following spring, continuing its perennial life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to summer
Delphinium elatum, more commonly known as Larkspur, is often propagated through seed sowing. The most popular method of propagation for these plants is by sowing seeds in late winter to early spring. To do this, gardeners should first chill the seeds in the refrigerator for about a week to enhance germination rates. After chilling, the seeds can be sown on the surface of a well-draining seed starting mix. They require light to germinate, so they should not be covered with soil; instead, they can be gently pressed into the mix. Seeds typically germinate within 2 to 3 weeks at a temperature around 65 degrees Fahrenheit (18 degrees Celsius). Once seedlings are large enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual pots before eventually being moved to their final location in the garden.
