Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine' (29c)
ABOUT
The Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine' is an ornamental plant known for its beautiful flowers and attractive foliage. The blooms of this cultivar are particularly striking, featuring a rich shade of bronze that can add a warm and inviting touch to any garden or floral arrangement. The petals are often daisy-like in shape, radiating around a central disk, and can have varying degrees of quilling which adds to their charm and texture. This chrysanthemum's leaves are typically deeply lobed and may have a dark green color, which contrasts nicely with the bronze-colored flowers. The foliage forms a lush and dense canopy, which serves as the backdrop for the succession of blooms that appear during its flowering season. As a member of the chrysanthemum genus, 'Bronze Pennine Wine' shares characteristics common to many in this group, such as the plant's general growth habits and the overall arrangement of its flowers and leaves, yet distinguishes itself with its unique color and the particular form of its floral displays. The visual impact of 'Bronze Pennine Wine' makes it a standout choice for gardens and landscapes, where its bronze blooms can catch the light and create a stunning effect, especially when planted in groups or borders.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Asteraceae
Synonyms
Bronze Pennine Wine Chrysanthemum, Bronze Pennine Wine Mum, Bronze Pennine Wine Hardy Chrysanthemum
Common names
Dendranthema 'Bronze Pennine Wine', Ajania 'Bronze Pennine Wine'.
ToxicityTo humans
The common name for Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine' is chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums are considered to have low toxicity to humans. However, some people may be sensitive to these plants, as they contain compounds that can cause dermatitis or skin irritation upon contact. If ingested, they can potentially cause gastrointestinal upset, including symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
To pets
Chrysanthemums, the common name for Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine', can be toxic to pets, particularly dogs and cats. The plant contains compounds such as pyrethrins, sesquiterpene lactones, and other potential irritants that can lead to symptoms of poisoning. These symptoms may include drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, incoordination, and dermatitis. In more severe cases, ingestion can lead to neurological symptoms, such as tremors and seizures. It is advisable to keep chrysanthemums out of reach of pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Bronze
Height
1-3 feet (30-91 cm)
Spread
1-3 feet (30-91 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Aesthetic Appeal: Adds vibrant bronze-colored flowers to the garden, providing visual interest and enhancing the beauty of the landscape.
- Long Blooming: Has a long flowering period, which can last from late summer through the fall, offering prolonged enjoyment of its blooms.
- Pest Resistance: Tends to be resistant to many common garden pests, reducing the need for chemical treatments.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, it can be quite hardy and tolerant of short periods of drought, requiring less frequent watering.
- Attracts Pollinators: Flowers attract bees and butterflies, contributing to pollination in your garden and supporting biodiversity.
- Easy to Grow: Generally easy to care for, making it suitable for gardeners of all skill levels.
- Versatile Use: Suitable for use in flower beds, borders, and as cut flowers for arrangements.
- Cold Hardy: Can withstand cooler temperatures, making it suitable for a variety of climates.
- Perennial Growth: As a perennial, it returns each year, providing a reliable feature in the garden.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Photography: The striking color of Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine' can provide a rich backdrop or subject for botanical photographers.
- Natural Dyes: The petals can be used to create natural dyes for fabrics, giving them a unique and organic coloration.
- Culinary Decoration: Petals of the Chrysanthemum can be used to add a colorful touch to salads and desserts, although they should be used sparingly and only if confirmed safe for consumption.
- Aromatic Potpourri: Dried petals can contribute to potpourri mixes, adding a mild fragrance and vibrant color to the blend.
- Artistic Inspiration: Artists may draw inspiration from the complex structure and color of the flowers for paintings, textile designs, or patterns.
- Plant Companionship: Chrysanthemums can be used in companion planting to enhance the growth of nearby plants and vegetables by attracting beneficial insects.
- Bioindicators: Chrysanthemums can serve as bioindicators, as plants may show signs of environmental stress such as pollution or pH imbalances in soil.
- Biodegradable Confetti: Dried petals can be used as a natural and biodegradable confetti alternative for celebrations.
- Floral Crafts: The stems and flowers can be incorporated into wreaths, floral arrangements, or other craft projects.
- Educational Tools: Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine' can be used in educational settings for botanical studies, illustrating plant growth and anatomy.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Chrysanthemum is used in Feng Shui to attract happiness and ease within the home, often placed in the living room to bring a sense of calm and balance, and can also be used to counteract negative energy.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Chrysanthemum is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Longevity: Chrysanthemums are often associated with longevity due to their hardy nature and ability to withstand the fall climate.
- Loyalty: In many cultures, the chrysanthemum represents loyalty and devotion, likely because of its enduring bloom.
- Rebirth: As chrysanthemums are amongst the few flowers to bloom in the autumn, they symbolize rebirth and the life cycle.
- Joy: Chrysanthemums bring happiness and cheerfulness, which is why they are popular for celebratory occasions.
- Beauty: The lush, full petals of the chrysanthemum are considered a symbol of beauty in many cultures.
WaterMums, including the 'Bronze Pennine Wine' variety, prefer evenly moist soil, so consistent watering is key; allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again. In general, watering once a week with 1 gallon of water should suffice, but this may need to be increased to twice a week during hot, dry spells. Use a watering can or hose to water the soil directly, avoiding wetting the foliage which can promote disease. During the fall blooming season, ensure the plant has enough water to support its full flowering but be cautious not to overwater which can lead to root rot.
Light'Bronze Pennine Wine' chrysanthemums thrive in areas that offer full sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. They can tolerate partial shade but will produce the strongest blooms when planted in a spot that receives ample sunshine. Avoid deeply shaded areas as this can impede the plant's growth and flowering capabilities.
TemperatureChrysanthemums like 'Bronze Pennine Wine' prefer moderate temperatures and can thrive in a temperature range between 60°F and 70°F. They can tolerate temperatures as low as 32°F but will not survive if the temperatures consistently drop below freezing. The plants are best grown in areas where the temperature does not exceed 90°F, as extreme heat can cause stress and impact blooming.
PruningPrune 'Bronze Pennine Wine' chrysanthemums in early spring to encourage bushy growth and more flowers. Pinch back the tips of the stems when the plants reach 6 inches in height and continue to do so every few weeks until mid-summer. This helps to create a fuller plant with extra blooms. Pruning is not typically done during the blooming season in the fall.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe best soil mix for Chrysanthemums is well-draining loamy soil enriched with organic matter. A balanced soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal for the 'Bronze Pennine Wine' variety.
RepottingChrysanthemums should be repotted every one to two years to refresh the soil and accommodate root growth.
Humidity & MistingChrysanthemums thrive in moderate humidity levels, around 40-60% is suitable for 'Bronze Pennine Wine' to flourish.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Ensure bright light, good airflow for 'Bronze Pennine Wine' Chrysanthemums.
Outdoor
Plant in sun, protect from wind, water regularly.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycleThe Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine,' commonly known as Garden Mum or Hardy Chrysanthemum, begins its lifecycle with seed germination, where the seed develops in moist, well-draining soil at a warm temperature. After germination, it enters the vegetative stage where leaves and stems grow rapidly, leading up to the formation of tight buds. As it progresses, these buds bloom into the characteristic bronze-coloured flowers of the 'Bronze Pennine Wine' variety, usually in late summer to fall. The blooming stage lasts until frost, attracting pollinators, and if seeds have formed, they'll be dispersed by the end of the flowering stage. Post-bloom, in regions with freezing temperatures, the plant enters dormancy, where above-ground growth dies back and the plant survives underground as perennials through its root system. With the return of warmer temperatures, the cycle begins anew with the emergence of new growth from the roots, preparing the plant for another season of growth and flowering.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
The most popular method of propagating the Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Pennine Wine', commonly known as mums, is through stem cuttings. To propagate, select a healthy stem 4 to 6 inches long and cut it just below a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves to leave a few at the top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone to encourage root growth. Then, insert the stem into a moistened mix of equal parts peat and perlite or vermiculite, and cover with a clear plastic bag to maintain humidity. Place the pot in a bright area with indirect sunlight and keep the medium slightly moist. Roots should develop within three to four weeks, after which the new plant can be transplanted into a larger pot or into the garden.
