Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' (29f)
ABOUT
Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' is a vibrant and striking plant known for its ornamental beauty. This variety boasts an impressive display of flowers that are remarkable for their unique form. The blooms of the 'Pennine Flute' are characterized by long, quilled petals that curve elegantly outward, resembling the keys of a flute. Each petal is slender and tubular, coming to a delicate point at the tip, contributing to the flower's overall spikey appearance. The color of these eye-catching flowers is equally noteworthy, often showing off a blend of shades that can range from creamy whites to soft yellows, and even hints of pale pink or peach tones, giving each bloom a gentle and subtle gradation of color that is both nuanced and appealing. The multitude of flowers come together to form a dense, cushion-like dome, presenting a rich tapestry of texture and color that can add a touch of elegance to any garden display. The foliage of the 'Pennine Flute' is deep green, with leaves that have a serrated edge, providing a lush backdrop that contrasts beautifully with the refined, pastel flowers. The leaves are typically matt in finish, with an ovate to lance-shaped appearance that supports the visual interest of the overall plant. All these characteristics come together to make Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' a popular choice for ornamental gardening, adding a splash of refined beauty to the autumn landscape where it thrives and captures the imagination of gardeners and onlookers alike.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Asteraceae
Synonyms
Mums, Chrysanths
Common names
Dendranthema 'Pennine Flute', Leucanthemum 'Pennine Flute'
ToxicityTo humans
Chrysanthemums, commonly known as mums, can be toxic to humans if ingested. The plant contains several compounds such as pyrethrins, sesquiterpene lactones, and other potential irritants which can cause poisoning. Symptoms from ingesting mums can include gastrointestinal upset, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In some cases, skin rashes may occur from handling the plant due to dermatitis. It is advisable to keep mums out of reach from children and to avoid ingesting any part of the plant.
To pets
Mums are also toxic to pets, including dogs and cats. The toxic compounds present in mums can cause symptoms of poisoning in animals similar to those in humans. If a pet ingests mums, they might experience vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, incoordination, and dermatitis. In severe cases, ingestion can lead to more serious symptoms such as depression or loss of balance. It's important to ensure that pets do not have access to these plants, and if ingestion occurs, it is wise to seek veterinary care immediately.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
1-2 feet [30-60 cm]
Spread
1-2 feet [30-60 cm]
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Enhances garden aesthetics - 'Pennine Flute' chrysanthemums add visual interest with their unique and elegant flower forms.
- Extends blooming season - This variety often blooms late into the fall, providing color when many other plants have finished flowering.
- Attracts pollinators - Chrysanthemums are known to attract butterflies and bees, promoting biodiversity.
- Low maintenance - Chrysanthemums, in general, are hardy and require minimal care once established, making them suitable for varied gardening skills.
- Drought-tolerant - They can withstand periods without water, making them suitable for xeriscaping or areas with water restrictions.
- Variety - The 'Pennine Flute' offers unique blooms amongst the wide variety of chrysanthemums, allowing gardeners to diversify their plant selections.
- Seasonal celebrations - Chrysanthemums are often associated with autumn celebrations and can be used in seasonal displays and decorations.
- Cut flowers - These flowers are long-lasting when cut, making them excellent for bouquets and indoor arrangements.
- Adaptability - Chrysanthemums can adapt to a range of soil types, though they prefer well-drained soils with even moisture.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Photographic Subject: Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' can be used in botanical photography due to its intricate petal structure and vibrant color, providing a stunning subject for close-up photographs.
- Artistic Inspiration: Artists may use the unique form and color of the Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' as a muse for paintings, drawings, and textile designs.
- Crafting Dye: The petals of Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' can be boiled to extract natural dyes for coloring fabrics or paper.
- Language of Flowers: In the Victorian era, flowers were used to send coded messages, and a Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' might have been used to symbolize optimism and joy.
- Festive Decor: The blooms can be dried and incorporated into wreaths, garlands, or festive centerpieces for holidays and celebrations.
- Bookmark Creation: Dried petals of Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' can be laminated within bookmarks as a beautiful and organic decoration for book lovers.
- Culinary Garnish: Although not a traditional use, petals from the Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' can be used to add a splash of color to salads and desserts (only if confirmed as non-toxic and pesticide-free).
- Ice Cubes: Freezing petals from the Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' inside ice cubes can create visually appealing additions to cocktails and cold beverages.
- Float for Ponds and Water Features: The vivid flowers can be floated on water surfaces in gardens for a natural and eye-catching water feature.
- Petals for Confetti: The petals of Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute' can be used as biodegradable confetti for weddings or celebrations, adding an eco-friendly touch to the event.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Chrysanthemum is associated with happiness and well-being in Feng Shui. It is believed to bring positive energy and could be placed in living areas to promote joy and uplift the mood of the inhabitants.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Chrysanthemum is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Longevity: The Chrysanthemum, commonly known as 'mum', is often associated with long life. This symbolism comes from the fact that these flowers have a long blooming period and hence, are linked with the idea of longevity.
- Rejuvenation: As Chrysanthemums bloom in the fall when many other plants are going dormant, they symbolize rebirth and renewal.
- Endurance: Mums can withstand challenging weather conditions, representing resilience and the ability to endure difficulties.
- Loyalty and Devotion: Due to their long-lasting nature, mums are often seen as a symbol of loyalty and devoted love.
- Nobility: In many cultures, the Chrysanthemum is associated with the nobility because of its sophisticated and orderly petal arrangement.
- Death and Grief: In some European countries, mums are symbolic of mourning and are often used for funerals or to honor the deceased.
- Joy and Happiness: Despite its association with death in some regions, the Chrysanthemum is also seen as a flower that brings happiness and is often given as a gift to wish someone well.
- Friendship: The flower's wide range of colors and the ability to bloom in a variety of conditions make it a symbol of friendship and well-wishing.
WaterFor a Mum, or Chrysanthemum, proper watering is essential. It should be watered deeply, meaning the water should reach the roots, approximately once a week. However, this can vary depending on temperature and humidity, so it's a good practice to check the soil to a depth of one inch – if it's dry, it's time to water. Generally, Mums thrive with about one gallon of water weekly, but during hotter periods they may require more frequent watering to prevent wilting. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure the plant has good drainage and the soil isn't perpetually waterlogged.
LightMums flourish in full sunlight, which generally means they should receive at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. The ideal spot for a Mum would be in a south- or west-facing garden where it can bask in the afternoon sun. However, in regions with intensely hot summers, some afternoon shade will help in preventing the leaves from scorching.
TemperatureMums prefer moderate temperatures and do best in a range between 60 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. They can tolerate temperatures as low as 32 degrees Fahrenheit, but frost will damage the plant. Extreme heat above 90 degrees Fahrenheit can also be detrimental. For optimal growth, maintaining the temperature within this range will ensure the health of your Mum.
PruningPruning Mums encourages bushier growth and more blooms. Prune in the spring, as new shoots reach about 4 to 6 inches tall, pinching off the tips to stimulate branching. Continue pinching back the growing tips through the summer until late July or around eight weeks before the first expected frost. This timing helps form a full plant with ample blooms in the fall.
CleaningAs needed
SoilFor Chrysanthemums, a well-draining soil mix is essential, combining loam, peat moss, and perlite. Ideally, the soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.5 to 6.7 for optimal growth of 'Pennine Flute'.
RepottingChrysanthemums should be repotted every one to two years to refresh the soil and accommodate root growth. 'Pennine Flute' will benefit from repotting in the spring before the onset of the growing season.
Humidity & MistingChrysanthemums thrive in moderate humidity levels, ideally between 40% to 60%. 'Pennine Flute' will perform best if these humidity conditions are maintained, avoiding excessive dryness or dampness.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in bright, indirect light with good air circulation.
Outdoor
Plant in sun to part shade, shield from strong winds.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycleChrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute', commonly known as hardy garden mum, starts its life cycle as a seed or more commonly from cuttings or division of an existing plant. After planting, it enters a vegetative growth phase where it develops a strong root system and foliage. As the season progresses, typically in late summer to early fall, the plant begins its reproductive stage, producing distinctive ornate flowers that can come in various colors depending on the cultivar. Once flowering ceases, the plant enters a period of senescence where foliage starts to brown and die back, especially after the first frost in cooler climates. In its perennial form, the hardy garden mum will then undergo a period of dormancy during the winter months. With the return of warmer temperatures and longer days in spring, the cycle starts anew with the plant emerging from dormancy and recommencing its growth and development.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Flute', commonly known as a type of hardy garden mum, is usually propagated through division, which is the most popular method for many chrysanthemum varieties. This process is best carried out in the spring, just as the plants are emerging from dormancy and the risk of frost has passed. During division, the gardener digs up an established clump of the mum, carefully separates it into smaller sections, ensuring that each division has a good amount of roots and a few shoots. The divisions can then be replanted into prepared soil, spaced approximately 18 inches (about 45 centimeters) apart, to allow for sufficient room for growth. Regular watering and a light application of a balanced fertilizer will help the newly planted divisions establish themselves in their new locations.
