Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' (29c)
ABOUT
'Pennine Goal' is a half-hardy perennial to 1.1m in height, with divided foliage and sprays of rich yellow flowers 7.5cm in width with reflexed florets
About this plant
NamesFamily
Asteraceae.
Synonyms
Pennine Goal Chrysanthemum, Football Mum, Hardy Mum.
Common names
Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal'.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Spread
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Aesthetic Appeal: Chrysanthemums are well-loved for their vibrant, colorful blooms that enhance the beauty of gardens and landscapes.
- Variety: With numerous cultivars available, Chrysanthemums offer a diverse array of colors, shapes, and sizes to suit different garden designs and preferences.
- Seasonal Interest: Chrysanthemums are known for their late bloom season, often providing color in the garden when many other plants have finished flowering.
- Pollinator Friendly: These flowers can attract bees and butterflies, supporting pollinator populations and promoting biodiversity.
- Easy to Grow: 'Pennine Goal', like many Chrysanthemums, is relatively easy to cultivate and can be grown successfully by novice and experienced gardeners alike.
- Container Gardening: Chrysanthemums can be grown in pots, making them versatile for those with limited space or who want to add autumnal color to patios and balconies.
- Cut Flowers: Due to their long vase life and sturdy stems, Chrysanthemums are excellent for cut flower arrangements.
- Garden Borders: Their dense growth habit and mounding form make Chrysanthemums suitable for use in garden borders, providing structure and fullness.
- Companion Planting: Chrysanthemums can be combined with other plants in mixed borders to create attractive and varied garden displays.
- Cultural Significance: Chrysanthemums carry cultural importance in many parts of the world, symbolizing happiness, longevity, and joy in various cultures.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Biological Pest Control: The Chrysanthemum can be planted among vegetables to help deter pests due to its natural insecticidal properties.
- Dye Production: The petals of Chrysanthemums can be used to create a natural yellow or gold dye for fabrics and crafts.
- Culinary Garnish: Petals of the Chrysanthemum may be used as a colorful garnish for salads and other cold dishes, enhancing their visual appeal.
- Companion Planting: Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' can be used in garden design for companion planting, as it is believed to enhance the growth and flavor of certain vegetables when planted nearby.
- Photography: Due to their striking appearance, Chrysanthemums can be the subject of botanical photography and art, offering aesthetic value beyond the garden.
- Cold Stratification Aid: Gardeners sometimes use the seeds of Chrysanthemums to mix with others that need cold stratification, as they can provide a natural marker for where other seeds have been sown.
- Horticultural Therapy: As an easy-to-grow flower, Chrysanthemums are often used in therapeutic garden settings to help individuals engage in gardening activities for wellness.
- Floral Arrangements: The Chrysanthemum is a traditional flower used in funeral floral arrangements in many cultures, providing a respectful and beautiful way to honor the deceased.
- Decorative Displays: During fall festivals, particularly in Asia, Chrysanthemums are showcased in elaborate displays that celebrate the season and feature intricate designs.
- Educational Resource: The plant can be used in schools or educational programs to teach students about botany, horticulture, and the lifecycle of plants.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Chrysanthemum is used in Feng Shui practice to attract positive energy and bring a sense of balance and harmony into the home. Known for its bright and cheerful flowers, it is also believed to carry strong yang energy which can counteract negative forces and enhance wellbeing. The Chrysanthemum is often placed in areas where relaxation or meditation occurs to promote tranquility or in living spaces to invite joy and good fortune.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Chrysanthemum is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Longevity: The Chrysanthemum, often simply called 'mum', is commonly associated with long life and endurance due to its hardy nature and the longevity of its blooms.
- Rebirth: As 'mums' often bloom in the fall, they symbolize rebirth and new beginnings, reflecting the cycle of life.
- Loyalty and Devotion: In many cultures, 'mums' are given as gifts to represent loyalty and steadfastness, often in relationships.
- Happiness and Joy: 'Mums' bring brightness and cheer with their full, vibrant flowers, symbolizing joyfulness and positivity.
- Beauty and Elegance: With their stylish appearance, 'mums' are often associated with beauty and refined taste.
WaterMums, including the Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal', should be watered regularly to maintain evenly moist soil; overwatering, however, can lead to root rot. During active growth, especially in the spring and summer months, it is ideal to check the soil every few days and water when the top inch feels dry to the touch. A general rule is to provide about 1 inch of water per week, but this can vary based on climate conditions. In hotter, drier periods, mums may need more frequent watering. It's best to water deeply and less frequently, ensuring water penetrates to the roots and doesn't just wet the surface.
LightMums thrive best in locations that provide full sun, which means they require at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. The ideal spot for a Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' is in a garden that gets ample morning sunlight and some afternoon shade in extremely hot climates, as excessive heat can stress the plant. Avoid placing mums in heavy shade, as this will reduce flowering and can weaken the plant.
TemperatureMums, like Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal', prefer cooler conditions and do well in temperatures ranging from 60°F to 70°F. They can tolerate nighttime temperatures down to 50°F and can withstand brief periods of cold down to about 32°F. However, prolonged exposure to temperatures below this can damage the plant. The ideal growing conditions would be in an environment where temperatures are consistently within this comfortable range for the plant.
PruningPruning mums, including Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal', encourages bushy growth and more blooms. Pinch back the tips of the stems by about an inch when the plant is 6 inches tall, and continue to do so every 2 to 3 weeks until mid-July. This will delay flowering until the fall, providing a beautiful display when many other flowers are done blooming. The best time to prune is in the spring when new growth begins, and as needed throughout the growing season.
CleaningAs needed
SoilMums prefer well-draining, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. A good soil mix for Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' would be 1 part peat, 1 part perlite, and 1 part compost to ensure adequate drainage and fertility.
RepottingChrysanthemums should be repotted every 1 to 2 years. Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' should be repotted after blooming or in the spring, to provide fresh soil and room for growth.
Humidity & MistingChrysanthemums like moderate humidity levels. The best humidity range for Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal' is between 40% and 60%, which supports healthy growth without encouraging fungal issues.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in bright light, avoid overwatering, keep soil well-drained.
Outdoor
Full sun, shelter from winds; well-draining soil; mulch.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycleThe life cycle of Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal', commonly known as Hardy Garden Mum, begins with seed germination, where the plant emerges from seed under suitable warmth and moisture conditions. Following germination, the seedling phase involves developing true leaves and establishing a root system. As the plant enters the vegetative stage, it focuses on producing a robust foliage structure and further expanding its roots. The next crucial phase is the flowering stage, during which the Hardy Garden Mum develops vibrant blooms, usually in late summer or fall, depending on the climate. After pollination, if it occurs, the plant may produce seeds, completing the cycle; however, many cultivated chrysanthemums are propagated vegetatively via cuttings. Finally, the plant enters dormancy during the winter months, conserving energy to restart its cycle in the spring.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-early summer
The Chrysanthemum 'Pennine Goal', commonly known as mum, is typically propagated through division, which is the separation of one plant into several self-sufficient parts. This popular method involves carefully digging up the parent plant, ideally in the spring or early fall when the plant is not in bloom. Using a sharp spade or knife, the root ball is divided into smaller sections, ensuring that each division has a good amount of roots and shoots for a successful transplant. The divisions are then replanted into well-draining soil, spaced about 18 to 24 inches apart (45 to 60 centimeters) to accommodate future growth. Thorough watering after replanting is crucial to help the new plants establish.
