Barrenwort Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum
ABOUT
The plant commonly known as Bishop's hat is a perennial herb that is admired for its decorative and distinctive appearance. It features a dense clump of heart-shaped leaves that have a leathery texture. The foliage is often a deep green color and may have a mottled appearance with hints of bronze, particularly in the colder months. In the springtime, Bishop's hat produces an abundance of small, delicate flowers on wiry stems that rise above the foliage. These blooms can vary in color, but are typically a bright yellow, adding a splash of vibrancy to the plant's overall look. The flowers have a unique, spider-like shape, which is especially attractive to gardeners and plant enthusiasts. The plant's leaves and flowers are arranged in a spreading manner, creating an attractive groundcover that brings life and color to shaded areas of the garden. This characteristic makes Bishop's hat a popular choice for planting under trees or in borders where sunlight is limited. Despite its delicate appearance, the plant is quite hardy and can create a lush, carpet-like effect in the appropriate growing conditions.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Berberidaceae
Synonyms
Barrenwort, Bishop's Hat, Fairy Wings, Horny Goat Weed
Common names
Epimedium alpinum var. colchicum, Epimedium colchicum.
ToxicityTo humans
The common name for Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum is Barrenwort. Barrenwort is not typically known to be toxic to humans. There is limited information available on severe adverse effects from ingesting this plant. However, as with any plant, it is possible that some individuals may experience mild stomach upset or an allergic reaction after ingesting or handling it. It is generally advisable to avoid ingesting any part of ornamental plants due to the potential for unknown toxicities or personal allergies.
To pets
The common name for Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum is Barrenwort. Barrenwort is also not commonly known to be toxic to pets, such as dogs and cats. While it may not be considered highly toxic, pets can sometimes have sensitivity or allergic reactions to plants that are not typically poisonous, which could cause symptoms like gastrointestinal upset or skin irritation. Caution should still be taken to prevent pets from ingesting plants, as individual reactions can vary, and the possibility for mild gastrointestinal upset or other issues cannot be completely excluded.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Semi-deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Spread
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Caucasus
Benefits
General Benefits- Landscape Aesthetics: Barrenwort, as it is commonly known, offers attractive foliage and flowers that enhance garden designs.
- Garden Variety: Provides textural contrast with its heart-shaped leaves in mixed plantings.
- Ground Cover: Useful for covering bare patches in shaded areas due to its spreading habit.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, Barrenwort can withstand periods of drought, making it suitable for xeriscaping.
- Shade Tolerance: Thrives in partial to full shade, offering a solution for under-canopied or north-facing gardens.
- Low Maintenance: Requires minimal care once established, making it an easy plant for beginner gardeners.
- Deer Resistance: Generally resistant to deer browsing, which is beneficial in areas with high deer populations.
- Seasonal Interest: Provides visual interest across seasons with its changing foliage colors and springtime flowers.
- Pest Resistance: It is not commonly afflicted by pests, reducing the need for chemical interventions.
- Naturalizing: Can spread to form a natural, wildflower-like appearance in the appropriate garden settings.
- Soil Adaptability: Adapts to a variety of soil conditions, although it prefers well-drained loam.
- Supports Biodiversity: Flowers offer nectar to pollinators such as bees in early spring when few other food sources are available.
Medical Properties- Libido Enhancement: Epimedium, commonly known as "Horny Goat Weed," has been traditionally used to increase sexual desire.
- Erectile Dysfunction: It contains icariin, which is thought to have phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitory effects that might benefit erectile dysfunction.
- Osteoporosis: The plant is sometimes associated with bone health and may be used to treat osteoporosis due to its phytoestrogenic properties.
- Menopausal Symptoms: Epimedium may help in alleviating symptoms related to menopause, like hot flashes, due to its estrogen-like effects.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Ground cover in landscaping: Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum is a useful ground cover plant for shady spots in gardens due to its dense foliage.
- Erosion control: The extensive root system of the plant can help stabilize soil on slopes, preventing erosion.
- Leaf mulch: Fallen leaves of Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum can be collected and used as mulch to help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
- Flower arrangements: The delicate flowers can be used in floral arrangements to add a unique touch to bouquets or indoor decorations.
- Bee and butterfly attractant: Its flowers provide nectar for bees and butterflies, making it a plant that supports pollinators in the garden environment.
- Livestock forage: Although not a common use, in some regions where traditional forage is scarce, the leaves might be investigated as potential livestock feed.
- Photography: Due to its unique floral beauty, it can be a subject of interest for nature photographers, especially in the spring season.
- Dye production: Historically, some Epimedium species have been used to create yellow dyes for textiles, though this use is not widespread.
- Winter interest: With evergreen species within the genus, it can provide greenery and visual interest in gardens during the colder months.
- Garden themes: Epimedium can be incorporated into 'fairy' or 'woodland' themed gardens for a sense of enchantment and natural aesthetics.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe plant Bishop's hat is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe plant Bishop's hat is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Enduring Love: Epimedium, commonly known as "Barrenwort," is often associated with everlasting love and affection. This symbolism comes from the plant's ability to thrive in tough conditions and its perennial nature, meaning it can withstand the challenges of time.
- Vitality: Barrenwort is also a symbol of vitality and sexual health. This is largely due to its historic use as a herbal remedy to increase libido and treat erectile dysfunction.
- Charm and Attraction: With its delicate and ornamental flowers, Barrenwort is often linked with charm and the power of attraction, indicating the delicate yet undeniable allure one may possess.
WaterThe Bishop's Hat should be watered regularly, aiming for at least once a week, or more frequently during dry spells. Provide enough water to moisten the soil evenly, approximately 1-2 gallons depending on the size of the plant and the weather conditions. It's important to avoid overwatering, so allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. During the winter, you can reduce the watering frequency as the plant requires less moisture.
LightThe Bishop's Hat thrives best in partial shade to full shade, with filtered sunlight being ideal for its growth. Avoid placing it in direct sunlight, as this can scorch the leaves. The perfect spot for this plant would be in a garden area that receives morning sun and afternoon shade, or dappled light throughout the day.
TemperatureThe Bishop's Hat can tolerate a range of temperatures, but it prefers to grow in conditions that stay between 50°F and 75°F. It's hardy to a minimum temperature of around -10°F. Protect it from extreme cold by providing mulch or shelter, and from extreme heat by ensuring it has shade during the hottest parts of the day.
PruningThe Bishop's Hat benefits from pruning to remove any dead or damaged foliage, usually done in late winter or early spring. Prune to maintain its shape and encourage new growth. Pruning is also necessary to cut back the old leaves before new leaves emerge in spring. Consistent pruning is not required throughout the year; just the once, before the onset of new growth, is often sufficient.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe best soil mix for the Barrenwort (Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum) should be rich in organic matter, well-draining, and have a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.5 to 7. A mix of garden soil, compost, and a bit of sand or perlite can provide the right structure and nutrients.
RepottingBarrenwort typically does not require frequent repotting and can thrive in the same pot for several years. It is best to repot these plants only when they have outgrown their current container, which can be every 3 to 4 years.
Humidity & MistingBarrenwort prefers moderate humidity levels but is quite adaptable and can tolerate the average humidity found in most homes and gardens. No specific humidity level is essential, as long as the soil moisture is maintained appropriately.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in moderate light, keep soil moist.
Outdoor
Part shade, moist well-drained soil.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycleEpimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum, also known as the Barrenwort, begins its life cycle when seeds are sown in the soil and undergo stratification to break seed dormancy, which is often facilitated by the cold of winter. Upon germination in spring, the seedlings develop into juvenile plants with characteristic heart-shaped leaves. As the plant matures, it forms a rhizomatous clump that spreads slowly and can become quite dense, providing attractive ground cover. The Barrenwort produces flowers in the spring, with bright yellow blossoms that emerge above the foliage on wiry stems. After flowering, the plant sets seed, which can be dispersed to new locations for germination. Throughout the growing season, the leaves may change color, providing ornamental interest, before the plant becomes dormant in the fall and the cycle repeats the ensuing year.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to Summer
The Barrenwort (Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum) is typically propagated by division. Division is best done in the spring or fall when the plant is not in active growth. To propagate by division, carefully dig up the entire plant, making sure to maintain a good portion of the root system. Using a sharp knife or spade, divide the clump into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has at least one growing point. Replant each division at the same depth it was growing at previously and water well to help establish the roots. Dividing Barrenwort not only helps to propagate new plants but also rejuvenates older clumps that may have become woody and less vigorous.
