Sage Salvia officinalis
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ABOUT
Common Sage is a perennial herb that typically grows to a height and spread of 1-2 feet. It has oblong, grayish-green leaves that are about 2-3 inches long and 1 inch wide. The plant also produces small, bluish-purple flowers that are about 1/2 inch long and arranged in whorls on tall, slender stems.
About this plant
Names
Family
Lamiaceae
Synonyms
Common sage, Sage, Garden sage, Golden sage, Kitchen sage, True sage, Culinary sage, Dalmatian sage, Broadleaf sage, Purple sage, Red sage
Common names
Salvia officinalis L.
Toxicity
To humans
Common Sage is generally considered safe for human consumption when used in normal culinary or medicinal quantities. However, excessive consumption of sage can lead to toxicity and cause symptoms such as dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and even seizures. Pregnant women and individuals with a history of seizures or other neurological disorders should avoid using sage in large amounts.
To pets
Common Sage can be toxic to some animals if consumed in large quantities. In particular, it can be toxic to pets such as dogs and cats, causing gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, and diarrhea. If your pet has ingested sage or is showing signs of illness, it's important to contact your veterinarian for advice on appropriate treatment.
Characteristics
Life cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Purple
Height
Up to 2 feet
Spread
Up to 2 feet
Plant type
Shrub
Hardiness zones
4
Native area
Europe, Asia, and North America
Benefits
General Benefits
Culinary use: Common Sage is commonly used in cooking to add flavor to meat, poultry, and stuffing.
Aromatic properties: The leaves of Common Sage have a strong, pleasant aroma that can be used in potpourri or to make scented sachets.
Natural insect repellent: Sage can be used as a natural insect repellent and can help to keep mosquitoes and other pests at bay.
Decorative use: Common Sage is a popular ornamental plant that can be grown in containers or in the ground to add interest and texture to gardens and landscapes.
Soil conservation: The deep roots of Common Sage can help to prevent soil erosion and improve soil quality.
Wildlife habitat: The flowers of Common Sage are attractive to bees and other pollinators, making it a useful plant for attracting beneficial insects to the garden.
Cultural significance: Sage has been used for centuries in many cultures around the world for its medicinal, culinary, and spiritual properties, making it a culturally significant plant.Medical Properties
Anti-inflammatory: Sage contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in treating inflammatory conditions such as arthritis.
Antioxidant: Sage is rich in antioxidants, which can help to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Antimicrobial: Sage has antimicrobial properties that make it useful in treating infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Memory enhancement: Some studies have found that sage can improve memory and cognitive function in healthy adults.
Menopausal symptom relief: Sage has been used traditionally to relieve symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and night sweats.
Digestive aid: Sage can help to stimulate digestion and relieve digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and indigestion.
Anti-diabetic: Some studies suggest that sage may have a beneficial effect on blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.Air-purifying Qualities
Common Sage is not known for its air purifying qualities, as it does not have the ability to remove significant amounts of harmful chemicals or pollutants from the air.
Other Uses
Natural hair dye: Sage can be used to darken hair naturally. Boil sage leaves in water, strain the liquid, and apply to hair for a natural hair dye effect.
Natural deodorant: Sage has antimicrobial properties that make it effective as a natural deodorant. Rub a small amount of dried sage on your underarms to help control odor.
Teeth whitening: Sage can be used as a natural teeth whitener. Crush fresh sage leaves and mix with baking soda to create a natural toothpaste.
Flavor enhancer: Sage can be used to enhance the flavor of sweet foods such as fruit salad or desserts. Simply sprinkle fresh or dried sage leaves on top of the dish before serving.
Natural antiperspirant: Sage can help to reduce excessive sweating and act as a natural antiperspirant. Boil sage leaves in water, strain the liquid, and apply to underarms with a cotton ball.
Natural pet shampoo: Sage can be used as a natural pet shampoo to help control fleas and other pests. Boil sage leaves in water, strain the liquid, and use it as a rinse after washing your pet.
Natural mosquito repellent: Sage can be used as a natural mosquito repellent. Burn dried sage leaves in a fire-safe dish or use sage essential oil in a diffuser to help keep mosquitoes at bay.
Interesting Facts
Feng Shui
Common Sage is not commonly used in feng shui practices, as it is not considered a traditional feng shui plant.
Zodiac Sign Compitability
In astrology, Common Sage is associated with the zodiac sign Scorpio. Scorpios are said to be drawn to the earthy, grounding energy of sage and may benefit from incorporating it into their spiritual practices or using it in aromatherapy.
Plant Symbolism
Common Sage is a symbol of wisdom, longevity, and purification.
Its Latin name, Salvia, comes from the word "salvare," which means "to heal" or "to save."
In ancient cultures, sage was believed to have purifying properties and was used in spiritual and healing rituals. In some cultures, it was considered a symbol of immortality and was used to ward off evil spirits.
Today, sage is still used in many spiritual and healing practices, and its purifying properties are believed to help clear negative energy and promote a sense of calm and clarity.
Water
When you do water your sage plant, water it deeply so that the water reaches the roots. Allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering to prevent overwatering.
In general, sage prefers drier soil conditions and does not need to be watered frequently. During the growing season, water once a week or when the soil feels dry to the touch. During the winter months, water sparingly, as the plant goes dormant.
Watch for signs of overwatering: Overwatering can cause the roots to rot and can lead to the death of the plant. Signs of overwatering include yellowing leaves, wilting, and a musty smell.Light
Common Sage prefers full sun to partial shade and should be grown in a location with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. In indoor environments, place the plant near a sunny window or under grow lights.
Temperature
Common Sage is a hardy perennial plant that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It can survive temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C) and as high as 90°F (32°C). However, it prefers temperatures between 60-70°F (15-21°C) and may not grow as well in extreme heat or cold.
Pruning
Pruning helps to keep sage plants compact and bushy and can also promote better flavor. Here are some tips on how to prune your sage plant: Prune in the spring: Prune your sage plant in the spring, just as new growth begins to emerge. This will help to promote bushy growth and prevent leggy growth. Remove woody stems: Remove any woody stems that have become too thick and woody. This will help to encourage new growth and promote better flavor. Cut back by 1/3: Cut back the entire plant by about 1/3 of its height to encourage bushy growth.
Cleaning
As needed
Soil
Common Sage prefers soil that is well-drained and not too rich in nutrients. A mixture of sand, loam, and perlite or vermiculite works well for growing sage. The soil pH for Common Sage should be between 6.0 and 7.0, which is slightly acidic to neutral.
Repotting
Sage plants can be grown in containers, but they do not require frequent repotting. Repotting should be done every 2-3 years or when the plant has outgrown its container. When repotting, choose a pot that is slightly larger than the previous one and fill it with well-draining soil.
Humidity & Misting
Sage plants do not require high humidity and can tolerate dry conditions.
However, if the air in your home is very dry, you can increase the humidity around your plant by placing a tray of water near it or using a humidifier. Keep in mind that too much moisture can lead to fungal diseases, so be careful not to overwater.Suitable locations
Indoor
All year round
Outdoor
Can grow all year round in the right climate
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycle
The life cycle of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) begins with seed germination, followed by vegetative growth, flowering, and seed production. Here are the stages of life for Common Sage, along with the months of planting, flowering, and harvest:
Seed Germination: Common Sage can be grown from seeds, which should be planted in early spring (March-April). The seeds can take 2-3 weeks to germinate, and they should be kept moist and warm (70-75°F) during this time.
Vegetative Growth: After the seeds have germinated, the young sage plants will begin to grow leaves and establish their root systems. During this stage, it is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Sage plants grow slowly during the first year and may not flower until their second year of growth.
Flowering: Common Sage typically flowers in late spring or early summer (May-June), producing spikes of blue, purple, or pink flowers. During this time, it is important to keep the soil moist and to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Bees and other pollinators are attracted to sage flowers and can help to increase seed production.
Seed Production: After the flowers have faded, Common Sage will produce seed heads that can be harvested in late summer or early fall (August-September). The seed heads should be allowed to dry on the plant before harvesting, and the seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place for future planting.
Harvesting Leaves: The leaves of Common Sage can be harvested throughout the growing season, but the best time to harvest is in the morning after the dew has dried. The leaves should be harvested before the plant flowers for the best flavor. Sage leaves can be used fresh or dried for later use, and they can be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.Propogation
Propogation time
Spring - summer
Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or division. Here are the months of propagation for each method:
Propagation by seeds: Common Sage seeds can be sown indoors in early spring (March-April) or directly in the garden in late spring (May-June) once the soil has warmed up. The seeds can take 2-3 weeks to germinate, and they should be kept moist and warm (70-75°F) during this time.
Propagation by cuttings: Sage cuttings can be taken from new growth in late spring or early summer (May-June) or in early fall (September-October). Take 3-4 inch stem cuttings, remove the lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in well-draining soil and keep them moist and in a warm, bright location until they have rooted.
Propagation by division: Common Sage can also be propagated by dividing an established plant in early spring (March-April) or early fall (September-October). Dig up the plant and separate the root ball into smaller sections, each with a portion of the crown and some roots attached. Replant the divisions in well-draining soil and keep them moist until they become established.
Pests
Spider mite, Whitefly, Aphid, Caterpillar
Diseases
Root Rot, Powdery mildew, Leaf spot, Rust