Common valerian Valeriana officinalis

Water

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) thrives with consistent moisture, so it's important to keep the soil evenly damp but not waterlogged. During the growing season, water the plant with about 1 inch of water per week, which is roughly 0.6 gallons for an average-sized garden bed. In periods of drought or extreme heat, increase watering frequency to prevent the soil from drying out completely. Always water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, as this can lead to fungal issues. During the winter or when the plant is dormant, reduce watering to prevent root rot, but make sure the soil does not completely dry out.

Light

Valerian prefers full sun to partial shade. The best spot for this herb is a location where it can receive at least 6 hours of sunlight daily but still benefit from some afternoon shade in hotter climates. Valerian will grow in less-than-ideal light conditions, but flowering may be reduced in areas that are too shaded.

Temperature

Valerian is hardy and can tolerate a wide temperature range; however, it grows best in moderate conditions between 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. It can survive minimum temperatures down to approximately 20 degrees Fahrenheit, making it suitable for growing in USDA zones 4 through 9. To ensure vigorous growth, protect the plant from extreme temperatures by providing mulch or shade as needed.

Pruning

Valerian should be pruned to remove spent flowers and encourage new growth and possible re-bloom. The best time for pruning valerian is immediately after the flowers fade, usually in early to mid-summer. Repeat the process if the plant puts on a second bloom and again in late fall to clean up dead or diseased foliage and prepare the plant for winter. Pruning valerian also often helps to control its spread, as it can self-seed prolifically if flowers are left to develop seed pods.

Cleaning

As needed

Soil

Valerian prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter with a pH of 5.5-7.0. A mix of garden soil, compost, and perlite or sand to improve drainage works well for this plant. Regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season will support its growth.

Repotting

Valerian, commonly known as valerian, typically doesn't require frequent repotting. Repot every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound, which you'll notice when growth slows or roots emerge from the drainage holes.

Humidity & Misting

Valerian thrives in average room humidity levels. There is no need for excessive humidity; maintaining a range of 40-60% is usually sufficient for healthy growth.

Suitable locations

• Indoor

  Ensure bright, indirect light and consistent moisture for indoor valerian.

• Outdoor

  Plant valerian in partial shade, keep soil moist but well-drained.

• Hardiness zone

  4-9 USDA

Life cycle

Valeriana officinalis, commonly known as valerian, begins its life as a seed, which germinates in spring when soil temperatures rise. The plant develops into a rosette of leaves during the first year, establishing a deep root system. In the second year, valerian produces flowering stems that can reach up to 5 feet tall, bearing clusters of small, pink or white flowers that are known for their sweet scent and attraction to pollinators. After flowering from early summer to late fall, the plant sets seed, which is then dispersed by wind or animals. The parent plant dies back to the ground in winter, but can re-emerge from its perennial rootstock when conditions become suitable in spring. The life cycle can then begin anew, with valerian capable of self-seeding or being propagated by division of the roots.

Propogation

• Propogation time

  Spring to early summer

• Propogation: Valerian, known botanically as Valeriana officinalis, can be propagated by seed typically in the spring. The most popular method of propagation for valerian is through seed sowing. To propagate valerian by seed, prepare a well-draining soil bed in a sunny location after the danger of frost has passed. Sow the seeds thinly and cover them with a light layer of soil, about 1/8 inch deep, which is roughly equivalent to 3 millimeters. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and germination can take anywhere from 1 to 3 weeks. Once seedlings have developed true leaves and are large enough to handle, they can be thinned out or transplanted to their final growing positions, ensuring they are spaced about 12 inches (30 centimeters) apart to allow for full growth and optimal root development.