Farleigh Damson Prunus insititia 'Farleigh Damson' (C)
ABOUT
The Farleigh Damson is a type of small fruit tree known for its richly flavored fruits. It is adorned with white blossoms that cluster along the branches in the spring, attracting pollinators with their delicate fragrance. These blossoms have a classic five-petal shape and are a clear indication that the tree is a member of the stone fruit family. As the seasons progress, the tree's foliage emerges as a lush green, with leaves that have a simple form, a slightly serrated edge, and an elongated, oval shape. The fruits are the most distinctive feature of the Farleigh Damson. They typically mature to a deep purple or blue-black hue with a dusty-white bloom, giving them a somewhat frosted appearance. The skin of the fruit is taut and smooth, encasing a golden yellow flesh that is tart and rich, often described as spicy and full-flavored. Each fruit houses a single hard stone in its center, which contains the seed. These damsons are smaller than the more commonly known plums, being about the size of a large cherry, and they are celebrated for their culinary uses, particularly in jams, jellies, and preserves, due to their intense flavor and high pectin content. Throughout the various stages of growth, the Farleigh Damson's appearance is both charming and picturesque, making it a favored choice for both its aesthetic contribution to the garden and its delectable produce.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Rosaceae
Synonyms
Farleigh Damson, Damson Plum, Damascene, Damask Plum
Common names
Prunus domestica subsp. insititia, Prunus insititia var. nigra, Prunus insititia var. syriaca, Prunus instititia, Prunus domestica ssp. insititia.
ToxicityTo humans
The Farleigh Damson is generally not toxic to humans when the fruit is ripe and consumed in moderation. However, like other members of the Prunus genus, the leaves, stems, and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, primarily amygdalin, which can release cyanide when metabolised. If these parts of the plant are ingested in large quantities, it can result in cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning include headache, dizziness, confusion, weakness, difficulty breathing, and potentially fatal respiratory failure if not treated promptly. The fruit pulp itself is safe to eat, but care should be taken not to consume the kernels inside the pits.
To pets
The Farleigh Damson can be toxic to pets if they consume the leaves, stems, or seeds of the fruit, which contain cyanogenic glycosides. When ingested and metabolized, these compounds can release cyanide. Signs of cyanide poisoning in pets may include dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting, shock, and in severe cases, respiratory failure which could be fatal. The flesh of the fruit is typically not toxic, but the pits should be avoided. If you suspect your pet has ingested any toxic part of the plant, seek veterinary care immediately.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
10-15 feet (3-4.5 meters)
Spread
8-10 feet (2.4-3 meters)
Plant type
Shrub
Hardiness zones
5-7
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: The Farleigh Damson produces beautiful white flowers in spring that enhance garden aesthetics.
- Fruit Production: It yields small, edible purple fruits that can be used in cooking and baking.
- Pollinator Attraction: The tree attracts bees and other pollinators that are vital for the ecosystem.
- Wildlife Habitat: It provides shelter and food for various birds and wildlife.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, the Farleigh Damson is relatively tolerant of dry conditions.
- Compact Size: Its relatively small size makes it suitable for smaller gardens and spaces.
- Seasonal Interest: The tree offers seasonal interest with its spring blossoms and autumn fruit.
- Cultural Significance: As a traditional fruit tree, it has historical significance in many cultures.
- Low Maintenance: This tree requires minimal pruning and maintenance once established.
Medical Properties- Antioxidant: The fruit of Farleigh Damson contains antioxidants, which help in reducing oxidative stress and may protect against certain diseases.
- Astringent: Traditionally, the fruit and its components could be used for its astringent properties.
- Vitamin-rich: The fruit contains vitamin C and other vitamins that are essential for maintaining good health.
- Digestive Health: Consumed in moderate amounts, the fruit might promote digestive health due to fiber content.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Dye Production: The skins of Farleigh Damson can be used to create a natural dye for textiles, yielding shades of blue and purple.
- Ink Making: Juice extracted from the damson can be combined with other substances to make a homemade ink for writing or drawing.
- Woodworking: The wood from the Farleigh Damson tree is valued for its hardness and durability, making it suitable for small turned items like tool handles or wooden crafts.
- Leather Tanning: The tannins present in the leaves and bark could potentially be used in the tanning process of leather.
- Fishing Bait: Some fish species are attracted to the scent of overripe damsons, which can be used as bait in recreational fishing.
- Photography: Damson juice, rich in tannins, can be used as part of the process in alternative photography printing techniques.
- Animal Feed: The fruit and leaves, when not fit for human consumption, can serve as feed for livestock, especially pigs.
- Eco-friendly Pesticides: Some traditional gardeners use a concoction made from the leaves as a natural pesticide against certain pests.
- Floral Arrangements: The spring blossoms of the Farleigh Damson tree are sometimes used in floral displays due to their delicate beauty.
- Musical Instrument Crafting: Small pieces of damson wood may be used in the manufacture of certain components for musical instruments, providing a unique appearance and tone.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Damson is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Damson is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Patience – The Farleigh Damson, like many fruit trees, requires patience as it grows slowly and takes years to bear fruit, symbolizing the virtue of patience in life.
- Resilience – Able to thrive in challenging conditions, the Farleigh Damson represents resilience and the ability to withstand adversity.
- Hope – The blossoming of its flowers after a cold winter offers a symbolic reminder of hope and the promise of renewal.
- Prosperity – As a fruit tree, the Farleigh Damson is often associated with abundance and prosperity, symbolizing fruitful outcomes and success.
- Fertility – The prolific nature of the tree's fruit-bearing qualities makes it a symbol of fertility and creation.
WaterThe Farleigh Damson, commonly referred to as Damson Plum, should be watered deeply to encourage deep root growth, typically receiving about 1-2 inches of water per week. During the growing season, especially if the weather is particularly dry or hot, you may need to water the plant more frequently, possibly two to three times a week. Use a soaker hose or drip irrigation to deliver water directly to the base of the plant, avoiding overhead watering which can lead to leaf issues. Young trees will need regular watering until they are well established. When the damson plum is dormant in winter, reduce watering significantly but ensure the soil does not completely dry out.
LightDamson Plums thrive best in full sun conditions, which means they should receive at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. The ideal spot for planting a Farleigh Damson is in a location where it is exposed to unfiltered sunlight for the majority of the day. This will encourage strong growth and a better crop of fruit. Always choose a spot that is not shaded by larger trees or buildings to ensure your Damson Plum gets the light it needs.
TemperatureFarleigh Damson trees are hardy in USDA zones 5 through 7 and can tolerate a range of temperatures; however, they flourish in temperatures between 65°F and 75°F. The minimum temperature this plant can survive is around -20°F, which helps during winter dormancy, while high summer heat can be tolerated if the tree is sufficiently watered. Ideal growing conditions include temperate climates without extreme temperature fluctuations.
PruningPruning of Farleigh Damson, or Damson Plum, should be carried out to remove dead or diseased wood, to shape the tree, and to encourage the growth of fruiting spurs. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Thin out any crowded branches to ensure good air circulation and light penetration, which is crucial for fruit production. Aim to prune the Damson Plum annually or as necessary to maintain its health and productivity.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe best soil mix for a Damson tree, commonly known as Prunus insititia 'Farleigh Damson', should be well-draining, fertile, and loamy. A pH level of 6.0 to 7.0 is ideal for optimal growth and fruit production. Incorporating organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure into the soil can enhance its structure and nutrient content.
RepottingDamson trees, or Prunus insititia 'Farleigh Damson', are primarily grown outdoors and do not typically require repotting as they are not container plants. Instead, they are planted in the ground where they can establish a permanent root system.
Humidity & MistingDamson trees, known as Prunus insititia 'Farleigh Damson', are tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels and do not require specific conditions in this regard. They are adaptable to the natural outdoor humidity in the area they are planted.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Growing Damson trees indoors is not practical due to their size.
Outdoor
Plant in well-draining soil, full sun, and prune in winter for health.
Hardiness zone
5-7 USDA
Life cycleThe Farleigh Damson, a cultivar of Prunus insititia, begins its life as a seed, which, when planted in well-draining soil and given the correct conditions of sunlight and water, will germinate and sprout into a seedling. As it grows, the seedling develops a root system and shoots that will form the trunk and branches of the young tree. The sapling stage follows, where the plant continues to increase in size and strength, eventually maturing into a fruit-bearing tree after a few years. Every spring, the Farleigh Damson produces blossoms that are pollinated by insects, leading to the development of its characteristic purple-blue fruits in late summer to early autumn. The tree then enters a period of dormancy during the winter, when it conserves energy and resources. Throughout its lifetime, the Farleigh Damson will continue to undergo annual cycles of flowering, fruiting, and dormancy, with proper care allowing the tree to thrive and produce fruit for many years.
PropogationPropogation time
Late Winter - Early Spring
The most popular method of propagation for the Farleigh Damson, a type of European plum, is through hardwood cuttings. This typically takes place in late fall or early winter when the tree is dormant. A gardener would select a healthy, straight branch from the previous season's growth and cut it into sections about 6 to 9 inches (15 to 23 cm) long, making sure each cutting has several nodes. The bottom end of the cutting is then dipped in rooting hormone powder to promote root development and planted in a pot filled with well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be placed in a sheltered outdoor position or a cold frame, and by spring or early summer, they would have ideally rooted and can be transplanted into their permanent location.
