Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus
ABOUT
Garden nasturtium is a flowering plant that typically reaches a height of 1 to 1.5 feet and spreads about 1 to 2 feet in width.
It features round, slightly scalloped leaves that are about 2 to 4 inches in diameter. The plant produces vibrant flowers that can be 2 to 3 inches in diameter, adding a splash of color to gardens and containers.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Tropaeolaceae
Synonyms
Nasturtium, Garden nasturtium, Greater Indian-cress, Indian cress, Monks cress
Common names
Cardamindum majus, Nasturtium indicum, Tropaeolum elatum, Tropaeolum hortense, Tropaeolum hybridum, Tropaeolum pinnatum, Tropaeolum quinquelobum, Trophaeum majus
ToxicityTo humans
Garden nasturtium is generally considered non-toxic to humans. In fact, both the leaves and flowers of nasturtium are edible and are often used as a culinary ingredient, adding a peppery flavor to dishes. However, it's important to note that individual sensitivities or allergies can vary, so it's always advisable to consume new foods in moderation and consult a healthcare professional if you have any concerns.
To pets
Garden nasturtium is generally non-toxic to animals, including cats, dogs, and horses. It is not known to be harmful or toxic when ingested by these animals. However, it's always a good idea to monitor your pets or livestock when introducing any new plant into their environment and consult a veterinarian if you observe any unusual symptoms or behaviors.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Annuals
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Shades of yellow, orange, red
Height
Up to 1,5 feet
Spread
Up to 2 feet
Plant type
Climber
Hardiness zones
8
Native area
Andes Mountains of South America
Benefits
General BenefitsOrnamental Value: Garden nasturtiums are prized for their vibrant flowers and attractive foliage, making them a popular choice for adding color and visual interest to gardens, containers, and hanging baskets.
Edible Plant: Both the leaves and flowers of garden nasturtiums are edible and can be used to enhance salads, sandwiches, and other culinary creations. They add a peppery, slightly spicy flavor to dishes.
Pollinator Attraction: The bright and showy flowers of garden nasturtiums attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds to the garden, contributing to the overall health and diversity of the ecosystem.
Ground Cover and Weed Suppression: The trailing habit and dense foliage of garden nasturtiums make them effective as ground cover plants. They can help suppress weeds and reduce soil erosion in garden beds.
Companion Planting: Garden nasturtiums are often used as companion plants in vegetable gardens. They can act as a natural pest deterrent by attracting aphids and other pests away from food crops, serving as sacrificial plants.
Easy to Grow: Garden nasturtiums are relatively easy to grow, making them suitable for both novice and experienced gardeners. They are adaptable to various soil types, drought-tolerant, and can thrive in both full sun and partial shade.
Educational and Decorative: Garden nasturtiums can be used for educational purposes, teaching children about plant life cycles, gardening, and the benefits of growing your own food. They also make attractive additions to flower arrangements and bouquets.
Medical PropertiesAntibacterial and Antimicrobial: Garden nasturtium contains compounds that exhibit antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. It has been used to help combat bacterial infections and support overall immune health.
Diuretic: Garden nasturtium has diuretic properties, which means it can increase urine production and promote the elimination of excess fluids from the body. This property may be beneficial for individuals with mild edema or urinary tract issues.
Antioxidant: The plant contains antioxidant compounds, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. Antioxidants protect cells from oxidative stress and contribute to overall health and well-being.
Expectorant: Garden nasturtium has expectorant properties, making it useful in promoting the expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract. It may help alleviate symptoms associated with respiratory conditions such as coughs and congestion.
Antifungal: Some studies suggest that garden nasturtium possesses antifungal properties and may be effective against certain types of fungi. It has been used topically to address fungal infections or skin conditions caused by fungi.
Wound Healing: The leaves and flowers of garden nasturtium have been used externally to aid in wound healing. The plant's antimicrobial properties may help prevent infection, while its anti-inflammatory properties may assist in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
Air-purifying QualitiesGarden nasturtium is not typically known for its air purifying qualities.
Other UsesNatural Pest Repellent: Garden nasturtiums have a strong peppery scent that can deter certain pests. Planting them near susceptible crops or in vegetable gardens may help repel aphids, whiteflies, and other unwanted insects.
Herbal Vinegar: The vibrant flowers of garden nasturtium can be infused into vinegar to create a unique and flavorful herbal vinegar. The resulting vinegar can be used in dressings, marinades, or as a condiment to add a peppery kick to dishes.
Herbal Tea: The leaves of garden nasturtium can be dried and brewed into an herbal tea. It offers a mild peppery taste and is sometimes used for its diuretic properties or as a general tonic.
Natural Dye: The flowers of garden nasturtium can be used to create natural dyes. They produce shades of yellow, orange, and red when used to dye fabrics, yarn, or other materials.
Companion Planting for Pest Control: Garden nasturtiums are often used as companion plants to deter pests from other plants. For example, planting them alongside cabbage or other brassicas can help repel pests such as cabbage worms.
Decorative Butter: The flowers of garden nasturtium can be used to make decorative butter. By blending the petals into softened butter, you can create a visually appealing and flavorful spread for bread or crackers.
Skin Care: Some people use garden nasturtium topically for its potential skin benefits. It is believed to have a toning effect and can be used in homemade skincare preparations such as creams, lotions, or facial cleansers.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiIn Feng Shui, garden nasturtium can be used to bring the element of fire and vibrant energy to a space. It is believed to promote enthusiasm, creativity, and passion. Placing garden nasturtiums in the southern area of a home or garden can enhance the flow of positive energy and stimulate vitality.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityIn astrology, there is no specific zodiac sign compatibility associated with garden nasturtium.
Plant SymbolismOptimism and Positivity: The bright and vibrant flowers of garden nasturtium are often seen as symbols of optimism, positivity, and joy. They can bring a sense of lightness and cheerfulness to a space.
Resilience and Growth: Garden nasturtium is known for its ability to thrive in less-than-ideal conditions, including poor soil and limited water. This resilience is often associated with the plant's symbolic representation of growth, adaptability, and overcoming challenges.
Creativity and Inspiration: The vibrant colors and unique shape of garden nasturtium flowers can inspire creativity and stimulate artistic expression. They can serve as reminders to embrace one's creative side and explore new possibilities.
Victory and Triumph: The name "nasturtium" is derived from the Latin word "nasus tortus," meaning "twisted nose." This name refers to the plant's pungent scent and has led to symbolic associations with victory and triumph over challenges or adversity.
WaterGarden nasturtium prefers well-drained soil and moderate watering. Water the plants thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot. As a general guideline, watering once or twice a week should be sufficient, but adjust the frequency based on the specific conditions of your garden.
LightGarden nasturtium thrives in full sun to partial shade. It prefers at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day for optimal growth and flowering. However, it can tolerate some shade, especially in hotter regions or during the intense afternoon sun.
TemperatureGarden nasturtium is a warm-season annual plant that prefers moderate temperatures. It thrives in temperatures ranging from 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C). It can tolerate higher temperatures up to 85°F (29°C) but may struggle in extreme heat.
Avoid exposing the plant to frost, as it is sensitive to cold temperatures. In areas with frost, it is typically grown as an annual or started indoors before the last frost date.
PruningPruning garden nasturtium is not necessary for its overall growth and flowering. However, if you want to shape or control the plant's size, you can lightly trim back any excessively long or sprawling stems. This can help maintain a more compact and tidy appearance. Additionally, removing spent flowers regularly can encourage continuous blooming and prevent the plant from setting seeds too quickly.
CleaningNot needed
SoilGarden nasturtium prefers well-draining soil that is moderately fertile. It can tolerate various soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils, as long as they are well-drained. However, a loose and fertile soil enriched with organic matter is ideal for promoting healthy growth and blooming.
A pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 is suitable for garden nasturtium, although it can tolerate a slightly broader range.
RepottingGarden nasturtium is typically grown as an annual plant, and it does not require repotting.
Humidity & MistingGarden nasturtium prefers moderate humidity levels but can tolerate a wide range of conditions. It is generally adaptable to both dry and humid environments.
Average outdoor humidity level are usually suitable for garden nasturtium.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Can be grown as an indoor plant, but usually grown as an outdoor plant
Outdoor
Grows almost all over the world during the growing season as an annual
Hardiness zone
9 - 11 USDA
Life cycleSeed Planting (Planting Stage): Garden nasturtium is usually grown from seeds. The seeds can be directly sown into the garden bed or started indoors in seed trays 2-4 weeks before the last frost date. The ideal time for planting garden nasturtium seeds is in the spring, once the soil has warmed up and the risk of frost has passed. This is typically around March to May, depending on your specific location.
Germination and Seedling Stage: After planting the seeds, they will germinate within 7-14 days, depending on the conditions. During this stage, the seeds will sprout and develop into small seedlings with their first set of true leaves. Maintain moist soil and provide adequate sunlight or artificial light to support healthy growth.
Vegetative Growth Stage: As the seedlings continue to grow, they will develop more leaves and establish a stronger root system. This vegetative growth stage typically lasts for several weeks, during which the plants will focus on establishing a sturdy foundation before flowering.
Flowering Stage: Garden nasturtiums are known for their vibrant and showy flowers, which come in various colors like orange, yellow, and red. The flowering stage usually begins around 8-10 weeks after planting, depending on growing conditions and variety. This stage can last throughout the summer and into the fall, providing a long-lasting display of colorful blooms.
Harvest Stage: Garden nasturtiums are not only ornamental but also edible. The flowers, leaves, and immature seed pods (known as "capers") are all edible and can be harvested for culinary use. The flowers are typically harvested when fully open and at their peak freshness and color. The leaves can be harvested at any time, depending on your preference. The immature seed pods can be harvested before they become fully mature and hard. Harvesting can begin once the plants start producing flowers, and it can continue until the first frost arrives.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring
Collecting Seeds: Garden nasturtium produces seeds in its seed pods, which are typically formed after the flowers fade. Allow the seed pods to fully mature and dry on the plant. Once dry, the pods will turn brown and start to split open, revealing the seeds inside. Harvest the seeds by gently collecting them from the seed pods.
Direct Sowing: The most common and simplest method of propagating garden nasturtium is by directly sowing the seeds into the desired planting location. This can be done in the garden bed or in containers.
In temperate regions, sow the seeds in spring after the last frost date when the soil has warmed up and the risk of frost has passed.
In warmer climates, garden nasturtium can also be sown in the fall, as they can tolerate cooler temperatures.
Plant the seeds about 1 inch (2.5 cm) deep and 8-12 inches (20-30 cm) apart, as garden nasturtiums tend to spread and vine.
Seed Starting Indoors: If you prefer to get a head start or have a shorter growing season, you can start garden nasturtium seeds indoors. Start the seeds in seed trays or pots about 2-4 weeks before the last expected frost date.
Fill the trays or pots with seed-starting mix and plant the seeds about 1 inch (2.5 cm) deep.
Keep the soil consistently moist and provide adequate sunlight or artificial light for germination and growth.
Transplant the seedlings outdoors once the risk of frost has passed and the seedlings are well-established.
PestsWhitefly, Aphid, Slugs and snails, Caterpillar
DiseasesRoot Rot, Powdery mildew