Hart's Tongue Fern Asplenium scolopendrium 'Angustatum'
ABOUT
The plant commonly known as 'Hart's Tongue Fern' is characterized by its distinctive foliage. The fronds are narrow and elongated, resembling the shape of a deer's tongue, hence the common name. Each frond is a deep green color, with smooth edges that gently taper to a point. The surface of the fronds is typically glossy, giving the plant a vibrant appearance that stands out in shade gardens or indoor settings. The foliage of the 'Angustatum' variety tends to form a rosette-like cluster in a swirling pattern that emerges from a central point, creating an attractive, somewhat symmetrical display. The leaves have a leathery texture, feeling somewhat stiff to the touch. On the underside of the fronds, there is a distinct feature where the reproductive parts of the plant are located. These appear as brownish or rust-colored lines or dots that run parallel to the central vein, adding another layer of interest to the plant's appearance. Overall, the Hart's Tongue Fern's appeal lies in its simple yet striking foliage, with its shiny green leaves and unique texture making it a favorite among fern enthusiasts and those looking for a low-maintenance plant for shaded or partially shaded areas.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Aspleniaceae.
Synonyms
Narrow Hart's Tongue Fern, Scolopendrium Fern.
Common names
Asplenium scolopendrium var. angustatum.
ToxicityTo humans
Hart's-tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium 'Angustatum') is generally not considered toxic to humans. Ingesting parts of the plant should not result in serious harm or poisoning symptoms. However, as with any non-food plant, individual allergies or sensitivities could potentially cause mild stomach upset or contact dermatitis in some people.
To pets
Hart's-tongue fern is also not known to be toxic to pets. It is generally considered safe for cats and dogs, and ingestion should not lead to poisoning symptoms. However, pets may experience mild gastrointestinal upset if they consume large quantities of any plant material due to the fibrous nature of the plant matter.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Height
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Spread
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Plant type
Fern
Hardiness zones
6
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Aesthetic Appeal: This plant adds visual interest to gardens and indoor spaces with its unique, narrow and elongated fronds.
- Low Maintenance: Once established, the Hart's Tongue Fern requires minimal care and can tolerate some neglect.
- Drought Tolerance: It is relatively drought-tolerant, making it suitable for gardeners in regions with less frequent rainfall.
- Shade Loving: It thrives in shady spots where other plants might struggle, making it a great choice for darker areas of a garden or home.
- Soil Versatility: The Hart's Tongue Fern can adapt to a range of soil types, although it prefers well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil.
- Non-Invasive: Unlike some other ferns, it does not spread aggressively, making it a well-behaved addition to any planting scheme.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Art and Crafts: The distinctive leaves of Hart's-tongue fern can be pressed and used in botanical art projects or to decorate eco-friendly crafts.
- Garden Design: Its unique foliage and tolerance of shady conditions make it a popular choice for woodland garden themes and fernery collections.
- Erosion Control: Due to its preference for shady, damp environments, Hart's-tongue fern can be planted on slopes or banks to help minimize soil erosion.
- Biological Indicator: It serves as an indicator species for calcareous habitats which can help in assessing the quality of the environment or habitat restoration success.
- Photography: Due to its lustrous leaves and unique tongue-like shape, it is often used as a compelling subject for nature and macro photography.
- Educational Tool: The fern can be used to teach about plant evolution, spore reproduction, and the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants.
- Costume Design: Elements of the Hart's-tongue fern may be incorporated into costumes or fashion design for a natural or woodland aesthetic.
- Plant Collaboration: It can be used in companion planting in shaded gardens, complementing other shade-loving plants without outcompeting them for resources.
- Texture Contrast in Floral Arrangements: The smooth, ribbon-like leaves provide a striking contrast when included in floral arrangements with other plants and flowers.
- Green Roofing: The hardy nature of Hart's-tongue fern allows it to be considered for use in green roofing projects to add biodiversity and visual appeal.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiHart's-tongue fern is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityHart's-tongue fern is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Resilience: The Asplenium scolopendrium 'Angustatum', commonly known as Hart's Tongue Fern, is known for its ability to thrive in shady and rocky environments, symbolizing the ability to grow and persist in challenging conditions.
- Longevity: With its evergreen nature, the fern represents eternal youth and longevity, suggesting a life of enduring health and vitality.
- Protection: In folklore, ferns are often believed to provide shelter and protection. The Hart's Tongue Fern, with its robust form, could be seen as offering a symbolic shield against negativity.
- Solitude: Flourishing in secluded areas, this fern may represent a love of solitude and the importance of finding peace and tranquility in one's own company.
WaterThe Hart's Tongue Fern should be watered adequately to keep the soil moist but never soggy. Typically, watering it thoroughly once a week is sufficient, but this might vary depending on the humidity and temperature of your environment. During hot weather or if placed in a heated room, you might need to water it twice a week. When watering, use approximately 16 ounces of water for a medium-sized pot, ensuring even distribution across the soil surface. Reduce the frequency of watering in the winter, monitoring the soil moisture to avoid over-watering, which can lead to root rot.
LightThe Hart's Tongue Fern thrives best in moderate to bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can scorch the fronds. A north-facing window or a spot that receives filtered light is ideal for maintaining the vibrant green of its leaves. If the light is too low, its growth may slow down, so proper positioning within the room is important for balanced growth.
TemperatureHart's Tongue Fern prefers moderate temperatures and should be kept in a range between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. It can tolerate a minimum temperature of around 50 degrees Fahrenheit, but growth may be affected if the temperature drops below this for extended periods. Conversely, temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit might stress the plant and require additional humidity to keep it healthy.
PruningPruning the Hart's Tongue Fern is generally done to remove any brown or damaged fronds and to maintain a neat appearance. Pruning should be carried out as needed, typically when you notice unsightly or unhealthy leaves. The best time for pruning is in the spring before new growth begins. This helps the plant to direct energy towards producing fresh, new fronds.
CleaningAs needed
SoilHart's Tongue Fern thrives in a well-draining soil mix of loam and leaf mold or chopped sphagnum, with a pH of around 5.5 to 6.5.
RepottingHart's Tongue Fern should be repotted every two to three years or when the plant outgrows its current container.
Humidity & MistingHart's Tongue Fern prefers high humidity levels, ideally between 50% and 70%, but it can tolerate lower humidity with adequate care.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Hart's Tongue Fern in bright, indirect light and keep soil moist.
Outdoor
Plant in shaded area with moist, well-draining soil.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycleAsplenium scolopendrium 'Angustatum', commonly known as Hart's Tongue Fern, begins its life cycle with spore production on the undersides of mature fronds. These spores disperse into the environment and, upon finding suitable moist and shaded conditions, they germinate to form a heart-shaped gametophyte, called a prothallus, which supports sexual reproduction. The prothallus houses both male and female reproductive organs (antheridia and archegonia), and fertilization occurs when water allows sperm to swim to the egg. Upon successful fertilization, a new sporophyte emerges, initially as a tiny fern that continues to grow and develop fronds. As the fern matures, its fronds unfurl in a characteristic manner through a process known as circinate vernation. The fronds eventually produce sori on their undersides, which consist of clusters of sporangia where spores develop, thus completing the life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
The Hart's Tongue Fern (Asplenium scolopendrium 'Angustatum') is typically propagated by spores, which is the most popular method for ferns. The best time for this is in late summer when the spores are ripe. The process involves collecting the spores from the underside of the fronds when they turn brown, which indicates that they are mature. These spores are then sown on the surface of a moist, sterile potting mix, usually a blend of peat and perlite or fine-grade vermiculite, in a shallow tray. The tray is covered with a piece of glass or plastic to maintain high humidity and placed in indirect light at a temperature of about 70°F (21°C), which is ideal for germination. It can take a few weeks to several months for the spores to germinate and grow into new fern plants. Once they've developed their first true leaves, they can be carefully transplanted into their own pots.
