Chameleon plant Houttuynia cordata
ABOUT
Houttuynia cordata, commonly known as "chameleon plant," is a perennial herb that is striking due to its heart-shaped leaves. The foliage showcases a vibrant color palette, with leaves often bearing a mix of green, red, pink, and yellow hues, especially towards the margin, which gives the plant its common name. The leaves are typically glossy and have a smooth texture. The chameleon plant blooms in the warmer months, producing small, inconspicuous flowers. The flowers are often white and appear in a spike-like structure, with a prominent leaf-like bract beneath them, which is sometimes mistaken for a flower petal due to its size and color, often being a brighter hue than the actual leaves. In terms of its overall appearance, the chameleon plant has a spreading habit and is known for its vigorous growth. It is a moisture-loving plant and often grows in areas with high humidity or near water bodies, where it can form lush, ground-covering mats. The plant also emits a distinctive aroma when its leaves are crushed or bruised, which is sometimes described as fishy or citrus-like.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Saururaceae.
Synonyms
Chameleon Plant, Fish Mint, Fish Leaf, Rainbow Plant, Heart Leaf, Fish Wort, Chinese Lizard Tail, Bishop's Weed.
Common names
Houttuynia emeiensis, Houttuynia cordata var. angustifolia, Houttuynia cordata var. cordata, Houttuynia cordata var. plena, Houttuynia cordata f. plena, Houttuynia cordata var. variegata, Houttuynia cordata var. canadensis, Gyozia cordata, Polypara cochinchinensis.
ToxicityTo humans
Houttuynia cordata, commonly known as chameleon plant, is not typically considered toxic to humans. In fact, it is often used in some regions as a culinary herb or medicinal plant. However, as with any plant, individual allergies or sensitivities can occur, and consuming it in large quantities may cause adverse effects due to unidentified compounds or essential oils present in the plant. If someone does have a reaction to chameleon plant, they may experience mild symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, or an allergic response. Additionally, caution should be exercised as the plant may have been exposed to pesticides or contaminants. It's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before consuming any plant as a remedy or food, particularly if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have underlying health conditions.
To pets
Chameleon plant, known scientifically as Houttuynia cordata, is typically not considered highly toxic to pets. However, pets may experience mild gastrointestinal upset if they consume the plant, especially if they are not used to it or eat a large amount. Symptoms of ingestion in pets might include vomiting, diarrhea, or drooling. Even though the plant is not known for severe toxicity, it is advisable to monitor your pet and contact a veterinarian if any unusual symptoms occur after ingestion. Each pet is unique and might react differently to various plants, so it's crucial to keep an eye on them and ensure they do not consume significant amounts of any non-food plants.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Varies
Flower color
White
Height
6-12 inches (15-30 cm)
Spread
12-24 inches (30-60 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
4-10
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Culinary Uses: Houttuynia cordata, commonly known as "chameleon plant," is used as a fresh herbal garnish or as a cooked vegetable in various Asian cuisines, particularly in the Northeast of India and Vietnam.
- Ornamental Value: The chameleon plant has attractive heart-shaped leaves and a spreading habit that can create a dense mat, making it a popular groundcover and ornamental plant in gardens.
- Water Garden Plant: It is often planted around ponds or in water gardens due to its ability to grow in wet conditions and its propensity to spread across the water's surface.
- Erosion Control: The plant's dense rooting system helps to stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes or along water bodies where it is grown.
- Habitat for Wildlife: The chameleon plant provides shelter and habitat for a variety of wildlife, including insects and amphibians that seek refuge in its dense foliage.
- Fragrance: Some people appreciate the distinctive citrus-like fragrance emitted by the leaves when crushed or walked upon, adding a sensory experience to the garden.
- Cultural Significance: In some cultures, the chameleon plant holds traditional significance and is used in various cultural practices and rituals.
Medical Properties- Anti-inflammatory: Houttuynia cordata has been traditionally used to reduce inflammation in various conditions.
- Antiviral: It is believed to possess antiviral properties, particularly against the influenza virus.
- Antibacterial: The plant has been utilized in the treatment of infections due to its potential antibacterial effects.
- Antioxidant: Contains compounds that may act as antioxidants, helping to protect cells from damage.
- Diuretic: It has been used to increase urine production to help flush out toxins from the body.
- Immune system support: Thought to enhance the immune system's ability to fight against diseases.
- Detoxification: It is traditionally used to aid in detoxification and improving overall health.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Culinary Ingredient: Houttuynia cordata, commonly known as chameleon plant, is used as a fresh herb in salads and as a flavorful addition to fish and pork dishes in Southeast Asian cuisine.
- Decorative Element: The variegated leaves of the chameleon plant are used to add visual interest to aquatic and bog gardens due to their colorful appearance.
- Ground Cover: Because of its rapid growth and spreading habit, chameleon plant is employed as a ground cover to control soil erosion in moist areas.
- Natural Dye: The leaves of the chameleon plant can be used to produce a natural dye for fabrics, yielding a range of colors depending on the mordant used.
- Garden Borders: Chameleon plant is often planted along the edges of pathways and garden borders for its decorative foliage.
- Fish Tanks: Aquarists sometimes use Houttuynia cordata as an aquatic or semi-aquatic plant to create natural habitats in freshwater fish tanks.
- Wrap for Food: In traditional practices, its leaves have been used as a wrap for cooking food, imparting a distinctive flavor to the dish.
- Fragrance Production: The plant's leaves, when crushed or rubbed, have a unique scent that is sometimes utilized in making natural fragrances or potpourris.
- Floral Arrangements: The heart-shaped leaves and small flowers of the chameleon plant can add an exotic touch to floral arrangements.
- Pest Deterrent: Chameleon plant is alleged to have properties that repel certain insects, making it a candidate for natural pest control in gardens.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe chameleon plant is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe chameleon plant is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Resilience: Houttuynia cordata, commonly known as chameleon plant, thrives in a variety of soil conditions and climates, symbolizing the ability to adapt and persevere through difficult situations.
- Healing: The chameleon plant is known for its medicinal properties in traditional medicine, representing healing and the restoration of health.
- Vitality: With its vibrant green leaves and often colorful edges, the chameleon plant symbolizes life and energy, often used to encourage a sense of vitality.
- Invasive Nature: Due to its aggressive growth pattern, the chameleon plant can symbolize an overwhelming situation or a need to set boundaries to prevent being overrun.
WaterChameleon plant requires consistent moisture and should not be allowed to dry out. Water it deeply until water begins to drain from the bottom of the pot, usually equivalent to about 1/4 to 1/2 gallon for a medium-sized pot on a weekly basis, depending on climate and indoor conditions. During hot summer months, this plant may need water twice a week, while in cooler weather, once a week can be sufficient. Always check the top inch of the soil before watering; if it feels dry, it is time to water your Chameleon plant.
LightChameleon plant thrives in partial shade to full sun. The best spot for this plant is an area where it will receive morning sunlight and partial shade during the afternoon heat. Too much direct sun can scorch the leaves, while too much shade can reduce the vibrancy of its foliage coloration.
TemperatureChameleon plant prefers temperatures that typically range from 50°F to 80°F, making it suitable for growing outdoors in USDA zones 4 through 10. It can survive minimum temperatures down to about 30°F but should be protected from frost. The ideal temperature for the Chameleon plant is between 70°F and 80°F during the day.
PruningPrune the Chameleon plant to control its spread and to maintain its shape. It can become invasive, so trimming it back in the spring is usually the best time to keep it contained. Remove any dead or damaged stems occasionally to keep the plant looking tidy. Pruning can be done every few months or as needed to control growth.
CleaningAs needed
SoilChameleon plant thrives in a soil mix that is rich in organic matter, moist, and well-draining. An ideal pH for Chameleon plant is slightly acidic to neutral, around 6.0 to 7.5. To create a suitable mix, combine garden soil with peat moss and perlite in equal parts. Regular monitoring and adjustment of the soil pH may be necessary to maintain optimal growing conditions.
RepottingChameleon plant should be repotted every 2-3 years to refresh the soil and to accommodate its spreading nature. During the repotting, divide the roots if the plant has overgrown its container. Spring or early summer is the best time for repotting the Chameleon plant to ensure a quick recovery.
Humidity & MistingChameleon plant prefers high humidity conditions to thrive. The best humidity level for Chameleon plant ranges between 60-80%. To maintain this humidity level, it can be helpful to place the plant in a naturally humid area or to use a humidifier or pebble tray with water.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Keep Chameleon plant in a humid spot with indirect light and moist soil.
Outdoor
Plant Chameleon plant in partial shade, moist soil, and protect from strong winds.
Hardiness zone
4-10 USDA
Life cycleHouttuynia cordata, commonly known as chameleon plant, starts its life cycle as a seed that germinates in moist, well-drained soil during the warm spring. Upon germination, the seedling emerges, developing into a young plant with heart-shaped leaves and trailing stems that can spread quickly if not controlled. As it matures, the chameleon plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers in the summer, which are surrounded by showy, leaf-like bracts often mistaken for petals. Following flowering, it produces small fruits that contain seeds, allowing for sexual reproduction and dispersal. As a perennial herb, Houttuynia cordata dies back to the rhizome in winter, where it lies dormant until favorable conditions trigger new growth in the next spring. The plant also propagates vegetatively through its rhizomes, which allows it to colonize large areas over time and re-sprout year after year.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to Summer
Houttuynia cordata, commonly known as chameleon plant, is best propagated through division, which is its most popular method. The ideal time to propagate chameleon plants through division is in the spring when the plant is emerging from dormancy and beginning to show new growth. This is also the time when the soil is moist, which helps in easy division and quicker establishment of the new plants. To propagate by division, gently dig up an established clump and separate it into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has at least one growing point or shoot with accompanying roots. These divisions should then be immediately replanted in moist soil, spaced about 12 inches (approximately 30 centimeters) apart to allow for spreading. Under favorable conditions, such as partial shade and consistently moist soil, the newly planted divisions will quickly take root and begin to grow, quickly establishing themselves as individual plants.