Kidney Vetch Anthyllis vulneraria
ABOUT
Commonly known as kidney vetch, this plant is a perennial herb adorned with a wealth of small, pea-like flowers, which often exhibit a bright yellow hue but can also appear in shades of orange, red, or cream. The flowers form dense clusters, each bloom tightly nestled against its companions, creating a cushioned or tufted appearance. These floral groupings are perched atop leafy stems that bear pinnate leaves, meaning the foliage consists of multiple small leaflets arranged on each side of a common axis, resembling a feather's structure. The individual leaflets are oval to oblong in shape, presenting a greenish-gray color with a slightly hairy or downy texture, which provides the plant with a soft, velvety touch. The overall form of the plant is low-growing and sprawling, giving it a bushy appearance that allows it to carpet the ground with its intricate leaves and vibrant inflorescences.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Fabaceae
Synonyms
Kidney Vetch, Woundwort, Lady's Fingers, Lamb's Toe
Common names
Acanthyllis vulneraria, Anthyllis barba-jovis, Anthyllis barbata, Anthyllis carpatica, Anthyllis gerardii, Anthyllis montana, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. carpatica, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. iberica, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. polyphylla, Anthyllis vulneraria var. carpatica, Anthyllis vulneraria var. iberica, Anthyllis vulneraria var. polyphylla.
ToxicityTo humans
Commonly known as Kidney Vetch, Anthyllis vulneraria is not frequently cited as a toxic plant to humans. The literature does not commonly report on the toxic principles or specific symptoms associated with poisoning from this plant. However, although not considered poisonous, individuals should exercise caution and avoid ingesting plants not known to be safe, and always consult with a healthcare professional or a trained herbalist before using Kidney Vetch for medicinal purposes. Ingestion of non-food plants can result in unexpected allergic reactions or interactions with medications, even if the plant is not widely recognized for its toxicity.
To pets
Kidney Vetch, or Anthyllis vulneraria, is similarly not widely recognized as a toxic plant to pets. There is a lack of significant data suggesting that it is harmful to animals such as dogs, cats, and horses. However, as with any non-food plant, caution is advised. Owners should prevent pets from consuming plants that are not explicitly known to be safe, as individual animals might have unique sensitivities or allergic reactions. If a pet does ingest Kidney Vetch and shows signs of distress or illness, it is important to seek veterinary care promptly. Symptoms of plant poisoning in pets can vary but may include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, weakness, or changes in behavior.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Spread
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Soil improvement: Kidney Vetch has nitrogen-fixing properties thanks to its symbiotic relationship with bacteria in its root nodules, which can improve soil fertility.
- Erosion control: The plant's extensive root system can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes and embankments.
- Forage for livestock: It is a valuable plant for grazing animals, providing nutritious fodder during the growing season.
- Attracting wildlife: Kidney Vetch is a food source for various insects, including bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, enhancing biodiversity in the area.
- Landscape and garden use: With its bright flowers, Kidney Vetch can be an ornamental addition to wildflower gardens or meadows.
- Support for conservation efforts: It is often used in conservation projects to restore native plant communities, especially in calcareous grassland habitats.
Medical Properties- Wound healing: Kidney vetch has been traditionally used for its possible wound healing properties.
- Astringent: The plant may have astringent qualities which could help in reducing bleeding and tightening tissues.
- Diuretic: Kidney vetch is sometimes used for its potential diuretic effect, which can help in eliminating excess water from the body.
- Anti-inflammatory: There are claims that kidney vetch may possess anti-inflammatory properties, which could be beneficial in reducing swelling and pain.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Anthyllis vulneraria, also known as Kidney Vetch, has been historically used as a natural dye. The roots can provide a red color, while the flowers can be used to dye wool in shades of yellow or green depending on the mordant used.
- Kidney Vetch can be employed in soil stabilization projects to prevent erosion, as its deep root system helps bind the soil effectively.
- The plant serves as an important forage species for honey bees and other pollinators, which makes it valuable for biodiverse gardening and maintaining healthy ecosystems.
- In some agricultural systems, Kidney Vetch is integrated as a cover crop or green manure, due to its ability to enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen.
- The furry aspect of the leaves have inspired its use in traditional crafts, where they are incorporated into dried flower arrangements and other decorative displays.
- Anthyllis vulneraria is used in permaculture designs, thanks to its resilience and low-maintenance profile, particularly in establishing self-sustaining plant guilds.
- Some cultures have added the flowers of Kidney Vetch to salads and soups for their mild sweet flavor, although this use is not widespread today.
- Dried flowers and leaves of the Kidney Vetch can be used to stuff small pillows or sachets, which are then placed among clothes to impart a pleasant fragrance and possibly deter pests.
- In historical fabric production, parts of the plant were sometimes used as a natural source of softening agents for making fabrics pliant.
- The distinctive appearance of Kidney Vetch has led it to be used as a motif in traditional embroidery and fabric patterning in certain cultures.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe plant Kidney vetch is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe plant Kidney vetch is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Healing: Anthyllis vulneraria, commonly known as Kidney Vetch, is often associated with healing due to its historical use in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, suggesting its symbolism as a natural remedy for physical or emotional wounds.
- Protection: Because Kidney Vetch was traditionally used to dress wounds, it also symbolizes protection, as it was believed to safeguard against further infection or damage.
- Vulnerability: The specific name "vulneraria" means "wound healer" in Latin, which can imply vulnerability, indicating the plant's close connection to healing vulnerable or exposed aspects of oneself or others.
WaterKidney vetch prefers well-drained soil and does not require frequent watering. It is sufficient to water the plant once every one to two weeks, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. When watering, apply enough water to moisten the soil to a depth of about 6 inches - this typically means using about 1 gallon per plant, depending on the size and the environmental conditions. Excessive watering should be avoided as kidney vetch is tolerant of drought and excessive moisture can lead to root rot.
LightKidney vetch thrives best in full sun to partial shade. The ideal location for kidney vetch would be a spot that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day, although it can also tolerate some light shade. Avoid placing it in deep shade as this can reduce flowering and weaken the plant.
TemperatureKidney vetch is hardy and can withstand a wide range of temperatures but grows best in conditions between 60 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit. It can survive in temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit and as high as 85 degrees Fahrenheit, making it adaptable to many climates. However, it is always best to protect the plant from extreme cold or heat waves to maintain optimal health.
PruningPruning kidney vetch is beneficial to maintain its shape and encourage bushier growth. It is best to prune in early spring or after flowering to remove dead or weak stems. This should be done once a year, or as needed, to keep the plant tidy and to prevent it from becoming too leggy. Pruning also stimulates new growth, which can lead to more blooms in the following season.
CleaningAs needed
SoilKidney Vetch needs well-draining soil with a pH ranging from neutral to slightly alkaline. A mix of sandy loam with some added organic matter like compost is ideal. Ensure the soil allows for good drainage to prevent waterlogging.
RepottingKidney Vetch does not typically require frequent repotting. It should be repotted every two to three years or when it outgrows its current container.
Humidity & MistingKidney Vetch tolerates a wide range of humidity levels and does not require specific humidity conditions to thrive. Ambient outdoor humidity is usually sufficient.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Use well-draining soil and place in bright light.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun, well-drained soil, and water sparingly.
Hardiness zone
4-8 USDA
Life cycleAnthyllis vulneraria, commonly known as Kidney Vetch, begins its life as a seed, which germinates in the spring after experiencing the stratification period needed to break dormancy. The seedling emerges, developing a deep taproot and rosette of leaves at the soil surface. As the plant matures, it elongates into a low-growing perennial with stems branching out from the base, each adorned with compound leaves and clover-like flowers which are typically yellow, but can vary in color. During the flowering stage in late spring to summer, it is pollinated by a variety of insects, including bees. After pollination, the flowers develop into small, pod-like fruits, each containing one or more seeds. The plant then senesces in the fall and winter, although as a perennial, the root system remains alive to sprout again the following spring, completing its life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to early summer
The most popular method of propagation for Kidney Vetch, or Anthyllis vulneraria, is by seed. Sowing can be done in autumn, directly in the location where the plants are to grow. Alternatively, seeds can be sown in spring after the last frost has passed. It is important to scatter the seeds over a well-drained soil and barely cover them, as they need light to germinate effectively. It’s best to keep the soil moist until germination occurs, which typically happens within two to three weeks. Transplant the seedlings to their final growing positions once they are large enough to handle and have developed several true leaves.
