Kiwi Actinidia deliciosa
ABOUT
The plant commonly known as the kiwifruit or kiwi is a vigorous, climbing shrub with a woody stem. Its leaves are large, broad, and almost circular in shape with a heart-like base. They are a rich green color with a slightly fuzzy texture, much like the skin of the ripe fruit it bears. Throughout the growing season, the foliage makes the vine look quite lush. The kiwi plant produces creamy-white flowers which are quite fragrant and have a fluffy appearance. These blossom clusters not only add an ornamental value to the plant but also are vital for fruit production. When it comes to the fruits themselves, they are oval and about the size of a large hen's egg. The skin of the fruit is brown and covered in a light fuzz. Inside, the flesh is bright green with an invigoratingly tart yet sweet taste, and is dotted with a ring of tiny, black edible seeds around the center.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Actinidiaceae.
Synonyms
Kiwi, Kiwifruit, Chinese Gooseberry, Yang Tao.
Common names
Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, Actinidia chinensis var. hispida, Actinidia deliciosa var. chlorocarpa, Actinidia latifolia, Actinidia yangtao.
ToxicityTo humans
Actinidia deliciosa, commonly known as kiwifruit or kiwi, is not toxic to humans when consumed as the fruit. However, some individuals might experience allergic reactions to kiwifruit, which can include symptoms such as itching of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, swelling, trouble swallowing, vomiting, and hives. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions can lead to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. It's important to note that other parts of the plant, such as the skin and seeds, are generally considered safe to eat, although the skin can be tough and unpleasant for some people. The leaves, stems, and roots of the kiwifruit plant are not commonly consumed and are not known to be toxic, but they are also not intended for ingestion.
To pets
Actinidia deliciosa, widely known as kiwifruit or kiwi, is not considered toxic to pets such as cats and dogs. The fruit is often well-tolerated by pets, but it is not a necessary part of their diet. As with humans, some pets could potentially have allergic reactions to kiwifruit, although this is relatively rare. Symptoms of an allergic reaction in pets might include gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, or skin reactions like itching or hives. If a pet exhibits any of these symptoms after consuming kiwifruit, it is recommended to consult a veterinarian. It's important to feed pets kiwifruit in moderation, as the fruit does contain sugar and may contribute to obesity if given in large quantities. Additionally, as with any new food, it's best to introduce kiwifruit slowly into a pet's diet to monitor for any adverse reactions.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
15-30 feet (4.5-9 meters)
Spread
15-30 feet (4.5-9 meters)
Plant type
Climber
Hardiness zones
7
Native area
China
Benefits
General Benefits- High Nutritional Value: Actinidia deliciosa, commonly known as Kiwifruit or simply Kiwi, is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin E, folate, and potassium.
- Dietary Fiber: Kiwifruit is high in dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and promotes a healthy gut.
- Low-Calorie Snack: With its low caloric content, Kiwi provides a healthy and refreshing snack option for those monitoring their calorie intake.
- Hydration: Due to its high water content, Kiwifruit helps in keeping the body hydrated.
- Eye Health: Kiwi contains carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin, which are beneficial for eye health, reducing the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts.
- Skin Benefits: The vitamin C in Kiwi supports skin health by contributing to collagen production, which helps keep the skin firm and aids in wound healing.
- Immune Support: The high content of vitamin C and other antioxidants in Kiwi helps in supporting the immune system.
Medical Properties- Rich in Vitamin C: Actinidia deliciosa, commonly known as kiwifruit, has a high content of Vitamin C which is essential for immune system function.
- Digestive Health: The fruit contains a considerable amount of dietary fiber, which is beneficial for promoting healthy digestion and preventing constipation.
- Antioxidant Properties: Kiwifruit is known to have antioxidant effects due to its content of various phytochemicals such as vitamins C and E, and polyphenols which can help in reducing oxidative stress.
- Anti-Inflammatory Potential: The bioactive substances in kiwifruit may contribute to reducing inflammation in the body.
- Cardiovascular Health: Regular consumption of kiwifruit may support cardiovascular health due to its potassium content that helps manage blood pressure levels.
- Glycemic Control: Kiwifruit has a low to moderate glycemic index, making it possibly beneficial for individuals managing blood sugar levels.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Actinidia deliciosa, commonly known as kiwifruit, can be used as a natural meat tenderizer due to the presence of actinidin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins.
- The kiwifruit's fuzzy skin can be used as a natural scrubber for cleaning dishes or exfoliating skin, although some might find it too abrasive.
- In some cultures, the leaves of the kiwifruit can be used to make a soothing tea that is enjoyed for its flavor rather than health benefits.
- Kiwifruit vines can be trained to grow over pergolas or trellises to provide shade and aesthetic appeal in gardens and landscapes.
- The wood of the kiwifruit plant can be used in woodworking to create small novelty items, often valued for its distinctive grain.
- Dried kiwifruit skins can be incorporated into potpourri mixes for a unique aroma and added texture.
- Kiwifruit seeds, when pressed, can produce an oil that is used in homemade cosmetics like lip balms and moisturizers.
- Fiber from the kiwifruit plant can be used in making paper or craft materials, though it's not a common practice.
- When fermented, kiwifruits can be used to make a fruit vinegar that cooks might use to add a fruity tang to salad dressings or marinades.
- The natural pectin found in kiwifruits can be used in homemade jam-making, aiding in the setting process without the need for additional commercial pectin.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Kiwi is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Kiwi is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Fertility: Actinidia deliciosa, commonly known as the Kiwi plant, produces fruits that are associated with seeds and growth, symbolizing new life and fertility.
- Growth and Vitality: The vigorous growth habit of the Kiwi plant signifies vitality and the robust essence of life.
- Endurance: Kiwi plants can survive and produce for many years, representing the ability to endure and sustain.
- Nourishment and Health: Kiwi fruits are rich in vitamins and nutrients, making the plant a symbol of physical well-being and nourishment.
- Exoticism: As kiwi is native to China and was later cultivated in New Zealand, it embodies exotic origins and the delight of discovering the unfamiliar.
WaterThe Kiwi Plant, commonly known as the Kiwi Fruit or Chinese Gooseberry, requires watering about once a week during the growing season and less frequently during the winter. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. It's recommended to give the plant about 1-2 gallons of water per week, depending on the weather conditions and soil drainage. During hot, dry periods, more frequent watering may be necessary. Always check the top inch of soil for dryness before watering again. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so providing proper drainage is essential.
LightKiwi Plants thrive best in full sun to partial shade conditions. They should be placed in a location where they receive at least 6 hours of sunlight a day. If grown indoors, a south-facing window is ideal to ensure the Kiwi Plant gets adequate light. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade can help prevent scorching of the leaves.
TemperatureThe Kiwi Plant prefers a temperate climate and is hardy in USDA zones 7 through 9. It can typically handle temperatures as low as 10°F but prefers a range of 75-85°F during the growing season. It's crucial to protect the plant from frost, which can damage the vines and reduce fruit production.
PruningPruning the Kiwi Plant is essential for promoting healthy growth, improving air circulation, and encouraging fruit production. The best time to prune is during the dormant season, usually in the late winter or early spring. Prune annually by removing dead or overcrowded branches, which allows the plant to direct more energy to productive growth. Proper pruning will also help manage the size of the plant and make harvesting easier.
CleaningAs needed
SoilKiwifruit thrives in a rich, slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5) soil mix. Amend with compost and perlite for drainage and fertility.
RepottingKiwifruit generally need to be repotted every 2-3 years to ensure adequate room for growth.
Humidity & MistingKiwifruit prefer high humidity levels, ideally between 60-70% for optimal growth.
Suitable locationsIndoor
For indoor kiwi, use bright light, high humidity, and regular pruning.
Outdoor
Plant kiwi in full sun, provide sturdy support, and protect from winds.
Hardiness zone
7-9 USDA.
Life cycleActinidia deliciosa, commonly known as the kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry, begins its life as a seed which, upon germination, develops into a seedling. The seedling grows into a woody, twining vine that requires structural support for optimal growth and fruit production. In its juvenile phase, the plant focuses on vegetative growth, developing leaves and stems but not flowering. After 3-5 years, the plant reaches maturity and can begin its reproductive phase, where white, fragrant flowers are produced; these are dioecious, requiring both male and female plants for pollination. Once pollinated, the female flowers develop into the fuzzy, brown-skinned fruits with green flesh that we recognize as kiwifruits. The plant is perennial, with each vine capable of bearing fruit for several years before eventually declining in productivity.
PropogationPropogation time
Late Winter-Early Spring
The Actinidia deliciosa, more commonly known as the Kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry, is typically propagated through semi-hardwood cuttings, a method quite popular for this species due to its effectiveness. This process is generally performed in late summer after the current year's growth has started to mature but is not yet fully hardened. Cuttings of about 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 centimeters) in length are snipped from healthy vines, with a few leaves left at the top for photosynthesis and the rest removed to reduce water loss. The cut end of the cutting is then dipped in rooting hormone to stimulate root development and planted in a moist, well-draining potting mix. The environment is kept humid, often using a plastic covering to maintain moisture. Roots usually develop within a few weeks, after which the new plants can be gradually acclimatized to less controlled conditions before being planted out in their permanent location the following spring.
