Larkspur Delphinium grandiflorum
ABOUT
Delphinium grandiflorum, commonly known as larkspur, presents a striking appearance in the garden. This flowering plant is known for its vibrant blossoms, typically found in shades of blue, but it can also have flowers in hues of purple, white, and sometimes yellow. The blooms are characterized by their five petal-like sepals which form a hollow pocket often with a spur at the end, giving them a distinctive, spurred shape that resembles a lark’s hind toe, a feature that contributes to the common name larkspur. The leaves of larkspur are generally finely divided into multiple lobes, presenting an almost fern-like or lacey texture. They are usually a deep green, providing an attractive contrast to the showy flowers. The stems of larkspur are slender and sturdy, branching less frequently, which lends the plant a tall and upright habit without making reference to its specific dimensions. The overall growth form of larkspur is graceful and airy, allowing it to sway with the wind without losing its form. The visual charm of this plant lies not only in its colorful flowers but also in its ability to add a vertical interest to the landscape. It is popular in traditional cottage gardens and cutting gardens for its ornamental flowers which also attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, playing a role in the local ecosystem.
About this plant
NamesSynonyms
Siberian Larkspur, Chinese Delphinium.
Common names
Delphinium chinense, Delphinium grandiflorum var. chinense, Delphinium grandiflorum f. albiflorum, Delphinium grandiflorum f. chinense, Delphinium grandiflorum var. grandiflorum, Delphinium zaissanense.
ToxicityTo humans
Delphinium, commonly known as larkspur, is toxic to humans if ingested. All parts of the plant contain poisonous alkaloids, with the seeds and young plants being particularly potent. Symptoms of larkspur poisoning can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and muscular weakness. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory difficulties, paralysis, and can be fatal if enough of the plant is consumed.
To pets
Larkspur is also toxic to pets, including dogs, cats, and horses. Ingesting any part of the plant can lead to similar symptoms as in humans, such as drooling, nausea, abdominal pain, muscle tremors, stiffness, and seizures. For pets, particularly horses, consuming larkspur can be life-threatening, potentially leading to cardiac failure and respiratory paralysis if not treated promptly.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Blue
Height
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Spread
1 foot (30 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
3
Native area
Siberia
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Delphinium grandiflorum, commonly known as larkspur, boasts tall spikes of showy, vibrant flowers that add vertical interest and a splash of color to gardens and landscapes.
- Attracts Pollinators: Larkspur flowers are known to attract a variety of pollinating insects, including bees and butterflies, which are essential for the pollination of many plants.
- Cut Flowers: The long, elegant stems and richly colored blooms of larkspur make it ideal for creating bouquets and floral arrangements.
- Companion Planting: Larkspur can be planted alongside a variety of other species to create attractive and complementary plant combinations in garden beds and borders.
- Cottage Garden Aesthetic: Larkspur fits perfectly into the relaxed, informal style of cottage gardens with its height and flowering characteristics.
- Variety of Colors: Larkspur comes in a range of colors, including blue, purple, pink, and white, offering gardeners multiple choices to design their gardens.
- Seasonal Interest: Larkspur provides seasonal interest with its midsummer bloom time, filling the gap between spring and fall flowers.
Medical Properties- This plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Larkspur, the common name for Delphinium grandiflorum, can be used as a natural fabric dye, providing a range of blue or purple hues depending on the mordant used.
- The flowers can be pressed and included in botanical art pieces or used to decorate handmade paper, providing a touch of natural beauty.
- Due to their bright and showy blooms, Larkspur can be used in garden design to create a visually striking 'cool color' focal point amongst other plants.
- Larkspur seeds can be used as a natural rodent repellent when planted strategically around a garden, as some rodents dislike their strong scent.
- The blossoms can be used in the preparation of floral ice cubes which, when added to beverages, enhance their visual appeal elegantly.
- Larkspur is used in the traditional art of flower arrangement (Ikebana) in Japan, symbolizing strong bonds of love.
- Its tall and distinctive structure makes it a good plant for ornamental dried arrangements, maintaining its shape and color well when dried.
- The dried petals can be used in homemade potpourri mixes to add color and a mild fragrance to a room.
- When used in edible flower cuisine, Larkspur can adorn salads or desserts, though caution is advised due to its potential toxicity when ingested in large amounts.
- Larkspur can play a role in butterfly gardens as it attracts pollinators such as butterflies and bees, promoting biodiversity.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Delphinium, commonly known as "Larkspur," is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Larkspur is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Protection - Delphiniums are believed to ward off negative energies and spirits, thus offering a protective charm to the surrounding area.
- Openness to New Possibilities - The flower's bold and expanding structure symbolizes a readiness to embrace new opportunities and experiences.
- Celebrating Achievements - The striking presence of the delphinium makes it a symbol of success and accomplishment, often used in ceremonies to honor achievements.
- Divine Communication - In some cultures, the delphinium represents an open channel to the divine, facilitating spiritual communication.
- Levity and Lightheartedness - The airy and delicate appearance of the delphinium blossoms convey a sense of joy, playfulness, and a lightness of being.
- Arbitrary Grace - Known for its beauty, the delphinium symbolizes grace that is bestowed without regard for the merit of the recipient, suggesting favor and kindness.
- Large-heartedness - With its expansive blooms, the delphinium is often associated with generosity of spirit and an open heart.
- Encouragement and Support - Gifting delphiniums can signify encouragement and support, suggesting to the receiver that they have someone who believes in them and their potential.
WaterSiberian larkspur should be watered deeply once a week, aiming for about one inch of water each time. It's essential to avoid overwatering, so ensure the soil drains well and does not remain soggy. During the hot summer months or in particularly dry climates, the frequency may need to increase to twice per week. Check the top inch of soil for dryness as a guide for when to water again. Use mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture and reduce the frequency of watering.
LightSiberian larkspur thrives in full sun to part shade, with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight a day being ideal. Plant it in a location that receives morning sunlight and some afternoon shade to protect it from the intense heat of the day, which can be too harsh, particularly in hotter regions.
TemperatureSiberian larkspur performs best in temperate climates, with an ideal temperature range between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit but is not suitable for extreme heat, often struggling above 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Proper air circulation is crucial to prevent disease, especially when temperature and humidity are high.
PruningPrune Siberian larkspur to promote vigorous growth, improve air circulation, and encourage a second bloom. Deadhead spent flowers regularly to encourage more blooms. Cut back the flower stems after the first flush of flowers has faded, which is typically in late spring or early summer. Pruning also helps maintain a tidy appearance and prevents self-seeding if not desired.
CleaningAs needed
SoilFor the best soil mix for Siberian larkspur, combine equal parts of loam, sand, and peat to ensure good drainage and aeration. The pH should ideally be between 6.0 and 7.5.
RepottingSiberian larkspur typically does not need frequent repotting; repotting every 2-3 years is sufficient to replenish soil nutrients.
Humidity & MistingSiberian larkspur prefers moderate humidity levels, avoiding overly dry atmospheres or excessively moist conditions.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Provide full sun, well-draining soil, and moderate watering.
Outdoor
Full sun, enriched well-draining soil, protect from strong winds.
Hardiness zone
3-7 USDA
Life cycleDelphinium grandiflorum, commonly known as Siberian larkspur, begins its life as a seed, which, when sown in fertile, well-draining soil and with proper warmth, will germinate usually within 2-3 weeks. The seedlings emerge and develop true leaves, gradually forming a small rosette at the base. As it matures, the plant develops a sturdy stem and a deep root system to support the growth of its distinctive, deeply lobed leaves and the tall spikes for which it is known. During late spring to early summer, the Siberian larkspur produces its showy flowers, ranging in hues from blue to purple, which attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, facilitating cross-pollination. After the flowering period, seeds form and are eventually dispersed near the parent plant or by wind and animals to new locations where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew. In colder climates, Delphinium grandiflorum may die back to the ground in winter, entering a period of dormancy, but with the return of warmer temperatures in spring, it will sprout from its crown or rootstock, continuing its perennial life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Propogation: Delphinium grandiflorum, commonly known as Siberian larkspur, is typically propagated through seed. The most popular method involves sowing the seeds directly outdoors after all danger of frost has passed, usually in the spring. To ensure good germination, seeds require a period of cold treatment, known as stratification. Achieving this naturally is simple if the seeds are sown in fall or winter in cold-winter climates where they will be subjected to the freezing temperatures, then they will germinate when conditions are appropriate in the spring. If sowing in the spring, the gardener may need to simulate this cold period by placing the seeds in a sealed bag with moist sand and refrigerating it for a couple of weeks at about 34 to 41 degrees Fahrenheit (1 to 5 degrees Celsius). Once stratified, the seeds should be sown on the surface of a well-draining soil mix and not covered, as they require light to germinate, with a temperature around 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 24 degrees Celsius). Seedlings should emerge in 14 to 21 days, and once they are large enough to handle, they can be transplanted to their final growing positions, ensuring they are placed in an area that receives full sun to partial shade.
