Lesser spearwort Ranunculus flammula
ABOUT
Ranunculus flammula, commonly known as lesser spearwort, is a perennial plant that displays a striking appearance thanks to its distinctive flowers and foliage. The flowers of lesser spearwort shine brightly with their glossy yellow petals which form a cup shape and give a cheerful splash of color. Each flower consists of multiple petals that surround a central cluster of tiny, golden stamens, creating an eye-catching contrast against the green of the plant's leaves. The foliage of lesser spearwort consists of narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are generally glossy and create an attractive backdrop for the flowers. These leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, giving the plant a lush, full look. The stems are slender and may have a creeping habit, spreading out to cover the ground. The overall appearance of lesser spearwort is delicate yet hardy, providing a bright accent to the areas where it grows, which often includes wet habitats such as the margins of ponds and streams. With its bright flowers and green foliage, lesser spearwort brings life and color to these environments.
About this plant
NamesSynonyms
Lesser Spearwort, Banewort, Buttercup.
Common names
Ranunculastrum flammula, Ranula flammula, Batrachium flammula, Batrachium devolvens.
ToxicityTo humans
Lesser spearwort contains toxic compounds that can cause harm when ingested, which are primarily due to the presence of protoanemonin, a substance released when the plant is damaged. The symptoms of poisoning by lesser spearwort may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Contact with the skin can lead to blisters and dermatitis.
To pets
Lesser spearwort is also toxic to pets if ingested, with the toxicity attributed mainly to protoanemonin. Symptoms of poisoning in pets can include drooling, appetite loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Contact with the plant can potentially cause skin irritation and blistering.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
1 foot (30.48 cm)
Spread
1 foot (30.48 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental value: Ranunculus flammula, also known as lesser spearwort, adds aesthetic appeal to gardens with its bright yellow flowers and lush greenery.
- Habitat creation: The lesser spearwort provides a natural habitat and breeding ground for aquatic and semi-aquatic wildlife, such as frogs and newts.
- Water garden suitability: Being a water-loving plant, it is ideal for ponds, water gardens, and wetland areas, where it can help stabilize banks and margins.
- Pollinator attraction: The flowers of the lesser spearwort attract various pollinators, including bees and butterflies, which are crucial for the pollination of many other plants.
- Erosion control: The root system of Ranunculus flammula can help reduce soil erosion around water bodies by holding the soil in place.
- Diversity in planting: Its inclusion in a garden or natural setting can contribute to plant diversity, supporting a robust and resilient ecosystem.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Ranunculus flammula, commonly known as Lesser Spearwort, can be used in garden ponds and water features for its ornamental value, as its bright yellow flowers can enhance the aesthetic appeal of water settings.
- The plant may serve as a food source for the caterpillars of certain moth species, thus playing a role in sustaining the local ecosystem.
- Lesser Spearwort can be used in the margins of constructed wetlands or water treatment systems that use plants to improve water quality.
- The fibrous structure of the plant can contribute to soil stabilization on riverbanks and prevent soil erosion by holding the earth with its root system.
- Plant extracts from Lesser Spearwort have been used historically to create dyes for fabrics, providing a yellow hue to textiles.
- Its dense growth habit makes it useful as ground cover in appropriate damp garden environments, helping to suppress weeds naturally.
- In some cultures, the dried stems and flowers may have been used as decorative elements in handicrafts, such as basket-weaving, adding a unique appearance.
- Gardeners might plant Lesser Spearwort as a companion plant to protect nearby plants that are sensitive to certain pests, as it can attract beneficial insects.
- The fresh or dried flowers of the Lesser Spearwort could potentially be used in the creation of natural potpourris for their color and texture.
- Traditionally, some groups might have used the vibrant flowers of Lesser Spearwort in festive garlands or decorations for celebratory events, especially due to their bright coloration.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Lesser Spearwort is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Lesser Spearwort is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Charm and Attraction: Lesser spearwort, which is the common name of Ranunculus flammula, often symbolizes charm and attraction due to its bright and appealing appearance resembling that of their more famous relatives, the buttercups.
- Radiance: The shiny, glossy texture of the flowers can signify radiance and glowing beauty, suggesting an inner light or positivity that shines outwardly.
- Endurance: Lesser spearwort is known for its ability to thrive in damp conditions, often signifying strength and the ability to persist through challenges and adversity.
WaterFor Lesser Spearwort, which is a common name for Ranunculus flammula, maintaining moist soil is crucial. It thrives in wet environments, so water the plant thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Typically, this means watering at least once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions. Use about 1 gallon of water each time for a medium-sized plant to ensure the soil is adequately moistened. During hot or windy weather, you might need to water more frequently to prevent the soil from drying out.
LightLesser Spearwort prefers full sun to partial shade. The ideal spot for this plant is an area that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight a day but is also protected from the harsh afternoon sun, especially in hot climates. A spot that offers morning sunlight and dappled afternoon shade would be optimal for the growth and flowering of Lesser Spearwort.
TemperatureLesser Spearwort best grows in temperatures that range between 50°F and 75°F. It can survive in temperatures as low as 20°F but is at risk if the temperature drops below that mark. During the growing season, maintaining an environment within this ideal temperature range will help the plant thrive and bloom.
PruningPruning Lesser Spearwort is needed to remove dead or yellowing leaves and spent flowers to encourage fresh growth and maintain a tidy appearance. Pruning can be done throughout the growing season as needed. The best time to do heavy pruning is in late winter or early spring before new growth begins, cutting back any old growth to make way for new shoots.
CleaningAs needed
SoilLesser Spearwort thrives in consistently moist, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of loamy soil, peat, and sand can provide the necessary conditions.
RepottingLesser Spearwort rarely needs repotting; it prefers to be left undisturbed but can be divided in spring if it outgrows its space.
Humidity & MistingLesser Spearwort grows best in high humidity environments, mimicking its natural boggy habitat.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Ensure high humidity, bright indirect light, and keep soil damp.
Outdoor
Plant in wet areas with full sun to part shade.
Hardiness zone
3-7 USDA
Life cycleLesser spearwort (Ranunculus flammula) begins its life cycle as a seed, often dispersing in close proximity to the parent plant in suitable wet or marshy habitats. Upon germination, the seedling emerges and develops roots and a rosette of leaves at the soil surface. As the plant matures, it produces elongated stems and more leaves, and being semi-aquatic, it adapts well to both saturated soils and shallow water. During the flowering stage, usually in late spring to summer, the plant bears bright yellow, buttercup-like flowers that attract pollinators, leading to the production of fruits called achenes. Once pollinated, these achenes mature and contain the seeds that will disperse to start the next generation. The plant may die back in winter, particularly in colder climates, but can also behave as a perennial, resprouting from the rootstock when conditions improve.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Propogation: Ranunculus flammula, commonly known as Lesser spearwort, is typically propagated through division. The best time to propagate the plant is in the spring as the weather starts to warm up but before the plant has put out a lot of new growth. To propagate by division, carefully dig up the plant and gently separate the roots into smaller sections, making sure that each new section has some roots and some shoots. These sections can then be planted into a mix of soil and compost to encourage good root development. Water the new plantings adequately to help them establish.
