Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum narbonense
ABOUT
Ornithogalum narbonense, commonly known as Star-of-Bethlehem, is a bulbous perennial that boasts a distinct and striking appearance. The plant is characterized by its rosette of narrow, basal leaves, which are glossy and present a lush, green hue. These leaves typically have a linear shape and may occasionally show a white stripe running down the center, adding to the visual beauty of the foliage. Above the cluster of leaves arises a tall flowering stem, which is topped with an inflorescence comprising several star-shaped flowers. These flowers are the highlight of the plant, with each individual bloom displaying a brilliant white color and a green or blackish stripe on the reverse of the petals, providing an intriguing contrast. The blossoms are arranged in a loose and conical shape, presenting an airy and attractive bouquet that can be quite eye-catching in a garden setting or in the wild. The Star-of-Bethlehem's blossoms are known for their elegance and simplicity, making the plant a favored choice for ornamental purposes. Its flowers exude a subtle and sweet fragrance that can be quite noticeable, adding an olfactory delight to its visual appeal. Despite the absence of precise dimensions, the overall structure and arrangement of its leaves and flowers give the Star-of-Bethlehem a balanced and harmonious look that can complement a variety of garden designs and natural landscapes.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Asparagaceae
Synonyms
Star of Bethlehem, Narbonne Star of Bethlehem
Common names
Loncomelos narbonense, Ornithogalum corymbosum, Ornithogalum pyramidale, Ornithogalum reflexum
ToxicityTo humans
Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum narbonense) contains toxic compounds that can be harmful if ingested. The plant possesses cardiac glycosides similar to those found in the closely related genus Digitalis (foxgloves). If parts of the plant are eaten, symptoms of toxicity may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, cardiac effects such as arrhythmias may occur, which could be potentially life-threatening. Medical attention should be sought immediately if ingestion is suspected.
To pets
Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum narbonense) is also toxic to pets due to its cardiac glycosides. Symptoms of poisoning in pets might include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, abdominal pain, and possibly cardiac abnormalities like arrhythmias. In severe cases, it can result in heart failure and can be fatal. If you suspect your pet has ingested this plant, you should contact your veterinarian promptly.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
2 feet (60 cm)
Spread
1 foot (30 cm)
Plant type
Bulb
Hardiness zones
7
Native area
Mediterranean
Benefits
General Benefits- Ecosystem Support: Ornithogalum narbonense provides nectar and pollen for bees and other pollinating insects, contributing to the health of local ecosystems.
- Ornamental Value: With its attractive star-shaped white flowers, it is often grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscapes.
- Habitat Creation: It can create micro-habitats for small insects and animals, supporting biodiversity.
- Soil Erosion Control: As a plant with a root system, it can help to stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
- Drought Resistance: Once established, Ornithogalum narbonense is relatively drought-tolerant, making it suitable for xeriscaping or water-efficient gardening.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Floral arrangements: Ornithogalum narbonense, commonly known as the Star of Bethlehem, is often used in floral arrangements for its star-shaped flowers and long-lasting nature.
- Photography subject: The Star of Bethlehem's striking appearance makes it a popular subject for photographers, especially in macro photography.
- Educational tool: Botanists and educators may use the plant to teach about plant biology, flower structure, and the diversity of bulbous plants.
- Garden design: This plant can be used as an accent in rockeries or in border plantings due to its structural form and the contrast it provides with its white flowers.
- Companion planting: The Star of Bethlehem can be planted among other bulbs to create a succession of blooms and extend the flowering season in a garden.
- Crafts: The dried flower stems and seed heads can be used in crafting for decoration, such as in homemade wreaths or dried flower arrangements.
- Culinary decoration: Although not widely acknowledged as edible, the flowers could theoretically be used as a non-toxic decorative element on plates in high-end culinary presentations.
- Bee attractant: The plant's flowers may serve as a source of nectar for bees and other pollinators during the blooming season.
- Eco-green roofs: Star of Bethlehem can be incorporated into green roof plantings, as it is tolerant of poor soil and harsh conditions once established.
- Study of plant adaptation: Researchers may use this species to understand survival strategies of bulbous plants in Mediterranean climates and their responses to environmental stress.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Star of Bethlehem is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Star of Bethlehem is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Purity - Ornithogalum narbonense, also known as Star of Bethlehem, is often associated with purity due to its crisp, white petals that stand out with an almost unblemished quality.
- Hope - The way the flowers bloom on the plant is reminiscent of stars shining in the dark, symbolizing hope and guidance through tough times.
- Innocence - In line with the symbolism of purity, Star of Bethlehem also signifies innocence, perhaps because of its association in Christian iconography with the birth of Jesus.
- Forgiveness - It is believed to offer a sign of forgiveness, as it is said to have bloomed from the tears of repentance shed by Mary during the crucifixion of Jesus.
WaterThe Star of Bethlehem should be watered moderately when the soil surface begins to dry. Typically, this means providing about 1 inch of water each week, depending on climate conditions. In hotter, drier periods, you may need to water twice a week, but be sure to let the soil dry between waterings, as overwatering can lead to bulb rot. During the dormant period, usually after the foliage has died back, reduce watering significantly, to mimic the dry summer conditions in its native habitat.
LightStar of Bethlehem thrives in full sun to partial shade. Place it where it can receive at least 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, but it can also tolerate some light afternoon shade, especially in hot climates.
TemperatureStar of Bethlehem prefers temperate climates, with ideal growth between 50°F and 75°F. It can survive minimum temperatures down to about 20°F, but prolonged frost can damage the plant. During the active growth period, make sure to protect it from extreme temperatures above 80°F or below freezing.
PruningPrune Star of Bethlehem by deadheading spent flowers to encourage more blooms and prevent self-seeding, which can lead to invasiveness. After blooming, allow the foliage to die back naturally before removing it, as this helps the plant store energy for the next season. Pruning is usually not required outside of these practices.
CleaningAs needed
SoilStar of Bethlehem thrives in well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of loam, peat, and sand or perlite provides the right structure. Organic matter like compost can be added for fertility.
RepottingStar of Bethlehem should be repotted every 2-3 years to refresh the soil and accommodate bulb growth. Repot after flowering is finished.
Humidity & MistingStar of Bethlehem prefers average room humidity levels, around 40-50%, avoiding extremes.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in bright light, ensure it's well-drained.
Outdoor
Full sun to partial shade; shelter from strong winds.
Hardiness zone
7-9 USDA
Life cycleOrnithogalum narbonense, also known as the Narbonne star-of-Bethlehem, begins its life as a bulb, usually lying dormant underground during the unfavorable season. In the spring, it starts to germinate, pushing up linear, lance-shaped leaves and a tall flowering stem. The plant enters its flowering stage, producing clusters of starry white flowers with a green stripe on the reverse of the petals usually between April and June. After pollination, typically by insects, the blooms give way to fruit in the form of a capsule containing seeds. Once the seeds mature, they are dispersed by wind or sometimes water, thereby propagating the plant and continuing the cycle. After seed dispersal, the above-ground parts of the plant wither, and the bulb enters a period of dormancy until the next favorable growth season.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring
The most popular method of propagation for Ornithogalum narbonense, commonly known as the Star of Bethlehem, is by dividing the bulbs. The best time to carry out this process is after the foliage has died back, which is usually in late summer or early fall. To propagate, carefully lift the bulbs from the soil, and gently separate the offsets, which are the smaller bulbs that form at the base of the parent bulb. Each offset should have at least one growing point or shoot. Replant the separated bulbs immediately at a depth of about 3 to 4 inches (7.5 to 10 centimeters) and space them approximately 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) apart to allow for growth. Water the newly planted bulbs thoroughly to establish their root systems in their new location.
