Neem Azadirachta indica
ABOUT
Neem, scientifically known as Azadirachta indica, is a versatile tree that can reach impressive heights of up to 50 to 65 feet and has a spread of about 25 to 30 feet.
Its trunk can have a diameter of approximately 1.5 to 2 feet. Neem is characterized by its evergreen foliage, with pinnate leaves that measure around 8 to 14 inches long. The tree also produces small, white flowers that are about 0.3 to 0.5 inches in diameter, which eventually give way to olive-like fruits.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Meliaceae
Synonyms
Margosa, Neem, Nimtree, Indian lilac, Nim
Common names
Melia azadirachta
ToxicityTo humans
Neem is generally considered safe for humans when used as directed. However, the ingestion of large amounts of neem products, such as neem oil or neem seeds, can cause adverse effects.
Neem oil should not be consumed, as it may lead to stomach upset, vomiting, diarrhea, or even liver damage. It is important to use neem products according to the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before using them internally.To pets
Neem is known to have insecticidal properties, which can make it toxic to certain animals, particularly insects and some pests. However, when used appropriately, neem is generally considered safe for animals.
It is commonly used in organic farming as a natural insect repellent. However, care should be taken not to directly apply concentrated neem oil on animals, as it may cause skin irritation. It is always advisable to follow the recommended guidelines and consult with a veterinarian before using neem products on animals.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
Up to 65 feet
Spread
Up to 30 feet
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
9
Native area
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal
Benefits
General BenefitsNatural Pest Control: Neem has insecticidal properties, making it an effective and environmentally friendly solution for controlling pests in gardens and agricultural settings.
Soil Improvement: Neem leaves and oil can be used as organic fertilizers and soil conditioners, enriching the soil with essential nutrients and promoting healthy plant growth.
Livestock Care: Neem can be used in animal care to repel insects, control parasites, and promote overall animal health.
Natural Cleaning Agent: Neem oil is an ingredient in various natural cleaning products due to its antimicrobial properties, helping to cleanse and disinfect surfaces.
Cosmetics and Personal Care: Neem is commonly used in skincare and hair care products due to its moisturizing, nourishing, and purifying properties.
Soap and Detergent Production: Neem oil is used in the production of soaps and detergents as a natural and eco-friendly alternative to chemical additives.
Wood Preservation: Neem oil can be used to protect wood from termites, fungi, and other pests, making it a natural option for wood preservation.
Agriculture and Crop Protection: Neem-based products are used in organic farming to protect crops from pests and diseases, reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals.
Environmental Benefits: Neem is considered a sustainable and eco-friendly resource, as it is biodegradable and poses minimal harm to the environment.
Traditional and Cultural Uses: Neem has been used in traditional practices, rituals, and ceremonies in many cultures, symbolizing purification and protection.
Medical PropertiesAntimicrobial: Neem has powerful antimicrobial properties, making it effective against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It can help combat infections and promote healing.
Anti-inflammatory: Neem exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, which can help reduce inflammation and swelling in the body. It may be beneficial in conditions such as arthritis and skin disorders like eczema and psoriasis.
Antioxidant: Neem contains antioxidants that help protect the body against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. This property is important for overall health and can help prevent chronic diseases.
Immunomodulatory: Neem has immunomodulatory effects, meaning it can regulate and strengthen the immune system. It may enhance the body's natural defense mechanisms and promote immune health.
Antidiabetic: Neem has been studied for its potential antidiabetic properties. It may help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, making it beneficial for individuals with diabetes.
Anti-cancer: Some research suggests that Neem may have anticancer properties. Certain compounds found in Neem have demonstrated potential in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and preventing their spread.
Skin Health: Neem is widely used in skincare products due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help treat acne, reduce skin infections, soothe irritation, and promote overall skin health.
Oral Health: Neem is commonly used in oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash. Its antimicrobial properties can help combat oral infections, reduce plaque, and maintain oral hygiene.
Digestive Health: Neem has been traditionally used to support digestive health. It may help alleviate digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, and indigestion.
Liver Support: Neem is believed to have hepatoprotective properties, supporting the health and function of the liver. It may help detoxify the liver and protect it from damage.
Air-purifying QualitiesRemoves airborne pollutants: Neem has the ability to absorb and neutralize various airborne pollutants such as dust, pollen, mold spores, and other allergens. It can help reduce the presence of these particles in the air, promoting cleaner and healthier indoor air.
Eliminates odors: Neem has natural deodorizing properties and can help eliminate unpleasant odors in indoor spaces. It can effectively neutralize odors from cooking, pets, smoke, and other sources, leaving the air fresher and more pleasant.
Repels insects: Neem has insect-repellent properties and can help keep away common indoor pests such as mosquitoes, flies, and ants. By deterring these insects, Neem contributes to a cleaner and pest-free indoor environment.
Anti-fungal activity: Neem has antifungal properties that can help inhibit the growth of mold and mildew. Mold spores in the air can contribute to respiratory issues and allergies, and Neem can help minimize their presence, thus improving air quality.
Oxygenating effect: Like many other plants, Neem releases oxygen as part of the photosynthesis process. This can help increase oxygen levels in indoor spaces, promoting a fresh and oxygen-rich environment.
Stress reduction: Neem is also believed to have calming and stress-reducing effects. A relaxed and stress-free environment can contribute to improved air quality by promoting well-being and reducing factors that may negatively impact air quality, such as smoking or excessive use of chemical cleaners.
Other UsesNatural insect repellent: Neem has long been used as a natural insect repellent. Its strong odor and compounds like azadirachtin make it effective in repelling a wide range of pests, including mosquitoes, flies, and ants. Neem oil or neem-based products can be applied to the skin or used in sprays to deter insects.
Organic pesticide: Neem is widely used as an organic pesticide in agriculture. Its natural compounds have insecticidal properties that can help control pests and protect crops from damage. Neem-based formulations are considered safe for the environment and can be used as an alternative to synthetic pesticides.
Dental care: Neem twigs have been traditionally used as a natural toothbrush in some cultures. Chewing on neem twigs or using neem-based toothpaste is believed to promote oral health by reducing plaque, preventing gum diseases, and freshening breath.
Beauty and skincare: Neem is a popular ingredient in natural beauty and skincare products. It is known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, which can help treat acne, reduce inflammation, and soothe skin irritations. Neem oil or neem-infused soaps, creams, and lotions are used for various skincare purposes.
Hair care: Neem is believed to have benefits for hair health and is used in hair care products. It is known to nourish the scalp, strengthen hair follicles, and prevent dandruff and scalp infections. Neem oil or neem-based hair treatments are used to promote healthy hair growth and maintain scalp health.
Animal care: Neem oil is used in veterinary care for pets and livestock. It can be applied topically to treat skin conditions such as mange, ticks, and fleas. Neem oil is considered safe for animals and provides a natural alternative to conventional chemical treatments.
Natural fertilizer: Neem leaves and neem cake (the residue after oil extraction) are used as organic fertilizers for plants. They are rich in nutrients and beneficial compounds that can enhance soil fertility, improve plant growth, and protect against certain pests and diseases.
Wood preservative: Neem oil is used as a natural wood preservative. It helps protect wooden furniture, structures, and tools from termite infestation, wood-boring insects, and fungal decay.
Soap and detergent production: Neem oil is used in the production of soaps and detergents. Its antimicrobial properties make it effective in killing germs and cleansing the skin or fabrics.
Traditional medicine: Neem has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda. It is believed to have various medicinal properties and is used to treat conditions such as skin disorders, digestive issues, and immune system support. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using neem for medicinal purposes.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiIn Feng Shui, neem is considered a powerful plant for purifying and balancing the energy in the environment. Placing neem plants or neem-derived products in your home or workspace is believed to help remove negative energy, promote harmony, and attract positive vibrations. Neem branches or leaves can be used as decorative elements or placed in specific areas to enhance the flow of energy.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityIn astrology, there is no specific zodiac sign compatibility associated with neem. Neem itself does not have astrological significance related to compatibility between zodiac signs. Compatibility between individuals is determined by various factors within the natal charts, including the positions of planets, aspects, and other astrological considerations.
Plant SymbolismNeem holds symbolic significance in different cultures. It is often associated with purification, healing, protection, and rejuvenation. The bitter taste of neem leaves is seen as a metaphor for facing life's challenges with strength and resilience. Neem is also regarded as a symbol of growth, vitality, and the ability to overcome obstacles. Its use in various traditional practices and rituals reflects its symbolic importance in different spiritual and cultural contexts.
WaterNeem trees generally prefer moderate watering. It is important to allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings to prevent overwatering and root rot. As a general guideline, water the Neem tree deeply once a week, ensuring that the water reaches the root zone.
Adjust the frequency based on the weather conditions and the moisture level of the soil. During hot, dry periods, more frequent watering may be required, while in cooler months or rainy seasons, you may need to reduce watering frequency.
LightNeem trees thrive in full sun to partial shade. They require at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day to maintain healthy growth and development.
Plant your Neem tree in a location where it can receive ample sunlight. If grown indoors, ensure it is positioned near a sunny window or provide supplemental grow lights to mimic natural sunlight.
TemperatureNeem trees are adaptable to a wide range of temperatures. They prefer warm to hot climates and are most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions.
Neem trees can tolerate high temperatures, with optimal growth occurring between 68°F (20°C) and 86°F (30°C). However, they can withstand temperatures as low as 40°F (4°C) for short periods. In cooler regions, it is advisable to protect Neem trees from frost or extreme cold by providing shelter or moving them indoors during winter.
PruningPruning Neem trees helps maintain their shape, promotes better air circulation, and removes dead or diseased branches. Prune Neem trees during the dormant season, preferably in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Use clean and sharp pruning tools to make clean cuts. Trim off any crossing or rubbing branches, remove excessive growth, and shape the tree as desired. It is important not to remove more than one-third of the tree's canopy during a single pruning session to avoid stressing the tree.
SoilNeem trees prefer well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. A loamy or sandy soil mixture is suitable for Neem.
Ensure the soil has good drainage to prevent waterlogging, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. A pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 is generally ideal for Neem trees.
RepottingYoung Neem trees may need to be repotted annually or every two years, while mature trees can be repotted every two to three years. Repotting is typically done during the spring season when the tree is actively growing.
Choose a slightly larger pot with good drainage holes. Gently remove the tree from its current pot, loosen the roots, and place it in the new pot with fresh, well-draining soil. Water thoroughly after repotting and ensure the tree receives proper care to adjust to its new container.
But generally not needed as the plant is growing as an outdoor plant.
Humidity & MistingNeem trees can tolerate a range of humidity levels, but they generally prefer moderate humidity. Ideally, maintain a humidity level around 40% to 60% for optimal growth.
If the air is too dry, especially in indoor environments, you can increase humidity by using a humidifier, placing a water tray near the tree, or misting the leaves occasionally. However, ensure proper air circulation to prevent fungal diseases caused by excessive moisture.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Not growing
Outdoor
Grown as an outdoor plant in a suitable climate
Hardiness zone
10-12 USDA
Life cycleSeed Germination (Planting): Neem trees can be grown from seeds. The seeds are typically planted during the spring season, around March or April, when temperatures are warm. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist until germination, which usually occurs within 1 to 3 weeks.
Seedling Stage: After germination, the Neem tree enters the seedling stage. During this stage, the young plant develops its initial leaves and establishes its root system. The seedling stage lasts for several months, and proper care, including regular watering and protection from extreme weather conditions, is crucial for its growth.
Vegetative Growth: As the seedling matures, it enters the vegetative growth stage. This stage is characterized by the development of branches, leaves, and an overall increase in size. The Neem tree continues to grow and establish its structure during this period, which can last for a few years.
Flowering: Neem trees typically start flowering after 3 to 5 years of growth, although it can vary depending on growing conditions. The flowering season for Neem occurs during the spring and summer months, generally from April to August. The tree produces clusters of small, fragrant white flowers that attract pollinators like bees.
Fruit Development: After successful pollination, the flowers transform into small green fruits. The fruit development process takes several months, with the fruits gradually maturing and changing color. The Neem fruits, which are oval-shaped and yellowish-green when ripe, usually begin to appear in late summer or early fall, around September or October.
Harvesting: The mature Neem fruits are harvested once they have ripened and turned yellow. This usually happens from November to January, during the late fall and winter months. The fruits are harvested by hand or using special tools, and the seeds or pulp inside the fruit are extracted for further processing.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring
Seed Propagation: Neem seeds are commonly used for propagation. The seeds can be collected from mature Neem fruits, which are usually harvested during the late fall or winter months, from November to January. Once harvested, the seeds can be sown immediately or stored in a cool, dry place until the appropriate planting time. For seed propagation, the ideal months to sow the seeds are during the spring season, around March or April.
Cutting Propagation: Neem can also be propagated through cuttings taken from mature trees. Semi-hardwood cuttings are typically used for propagation. The best time to take cuttings is during the early summer months, from June to July, when the tree is actively growing. The cuttings should be taken from healthy branches and treated with a rooting hormone before planting them in a well-draining rooting medium.
Grafting: Grafting is another method of propagating Neem, commonly used to ensure desirable traits or to reproduce specific cultivars. The best time for grafting Neem is during the spring or early summer months, from March to June, when the tree is in an active growth phase. The specific technique and timing may vary depending on the grafting method used.
PestsSpider mite, Whitefly, Thrips, Scale insects, Mealybug, Aphid, Caterpillar
DiseasesAnthracnose, Root Rot, Powdery mildew, Leaf spot, Leaf blight
