Honey spurge Euphorbia nicaeensis
ABOUT
Euphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as the spurge, is a perennial plant with a distinctive growth habit. It features fleshy, green to blue-green leaves that are oblong in shape with a smooth texture. The leaves are arranged spirally around the stems, which can give the spurge a bushy, robust look. This plant is known for its unique flowering structures called cyathia, characteristic of the spurge family. The cyathia consist of small, cup-like bracts that contain the male and female reproductive parts. These structures are often mistaken for flowers. The actual flowers are tiny and unnoticeable without detailed inspection. The "flowers" of the spurge come in a range of colors, from bright yellows to greenish, often creating a striking contrast with the foliage. The display of color typically intensifies during the blooming period, which adds to its ornamental appeal. Spurges are known for their milky sap, which is present throughout the plant. This sap is toxic and can be an irritant, so caution is advised when handling it. Despite this, the plant's drought tolerance and interesting appearance make it a popular choice for xeriscaping and rock gardens where hardy, low-maintenance plants are desired.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms
Turkish Spurge, Giant Spurge
Common names
Euphorbia nicaeensis All., Galarhoeus nicaeensis (All.) Haw., Euphorbia pseudovirgata, Tithymalus nicaeensis (All.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Tithymalus ponticus (Steven) Soják
ToxicityTo humans
Euphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as Turkish spurge, contains a toxic white sap known as latex, which is present in all parts of the plant. If ingested, the sap can cause severe irritation to the mouth, throat, and stomach, leading to symptoms like pain, swelling, vomiting, and diarrhea. The latex can also be irritating to the skin and eyes, leading to redness, itching, and burning sensations. In severe cases, particularly if a large quantity of the sap is ingested, poisoning may result in more serious symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, and it can be potentially life-threatening. Medical attention should be sought immediately if ingestion is suspected.
To pets
Turkish spurge is considered toxic to pets due to its latex sap. If pets consume any part of the plant, the toxic sap can cause symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, pawing at the mouth, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, ingestion can lead to more serious health issues including systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal upset. If a pet comes into contact with the latex sap, it can also cause skin and eye irritation. If you suspect your pet has ingested Turkish spurge, contact a veterinarian immediately.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
2 feet [60 cm]
Spread
2 feet [60 cm]
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
8
Native area
Mediterranean
Benefits
General Benefits- Decorative appeal: Euphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as Turkish spurge, features attractive foliage and distinctive flower bracts, making it a visually appealing addition to gardens and landscapes.
- Drought tolerance: Turkish spurge is well-adapted to dry conditions, making it an ideal plant for xeriscaping and low-water-use gardens.
- Pest resistance: This plant possesses natural resistance to many common pests, reducing the need for chemical insecticides.
- Erosion control: The root system of Euphorbia nicaeensis can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes and banks.
- Low maintenance: Turkish spurge typically requires minimal care, making it suitable for gardeners seeking low-maintenance plants.
- Seasonal interest: It provides seasonal interest with its long-lasting flowers and foliage that can change color in the fall.
- Adaptability: It can thrive in a range of soil types and conditions, from sandy to loamy and clay soils, as long as they are well-draining.
- Attracts pollinators: While not its main benefit, the plant can attract certain types of pollinators, beneficial for garden biodiversity.
Medical Properties- This plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Euphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as Spurge, can be used in landscape design for xeriscaping due to its low water requirements and ability adapt to dry conditions.
- The sap of Spurge can be used as a natural adhesive for small crafts, as it becomes sticky when it dries.
- The dried, hollow stems of Spurge can be used as organic biodegradable straws in gardening to direct water to plant roots.
- Spurge can be incorporated into a green roof system as it is hardy and drought-tolerant, contributing to urban biodiversity and insulation.
- As a colorful addition to dried floral arrangements, the vibrant bracts of Spurge can retain color after drying.
- The milky sap of Spurge, when handled with care, can be used to remove warts, though this should be done with caution due to potential skin irritation.
- Spurge can be used in educational settings to teach students about latex-bearing plants and their properties.
- The vibrant colors of Spurge during the blooming season can be used for natural dyeing of fabrics, yielding various shades of yellow and green.
- Due to its characteristic shape and foliage, Spurge can be used in artistic landscapes or as living sculptures in avant-garde garden designs.
- In spiritual or symbolic gardens, Spurge can represent purification or protection, as some cultures associate the plant with cleansing.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Euphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as the Spurge, is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Spurge is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Adaptability: Euphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as the Giant Spurge, often thrives in challenging environments, symbolizing the ability to adapt and persevere through difficult conditions.
- Protection: The Giant Spurge exudes a milky sap that is toxic and can cause irritation, representing a natural defense mechanism and symbolizing protection against harm.
- Resilience: This plant's hardiness and ability to withstand droughts mirror the qualities of resilience and endurance in the face of adversity.
- Healing: Historically, Euphorbias have been used in traditional medicine. The Giant Spurge may carry symbolic meanings of healing and the purging of negative influences.
WaterThe Giant Ragwort should be watered sparsely as it is drought-tolerant and susceptible to overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings, and then water deeply until excess water drains out. In the active growing season, typically spring and summer, the plant may need watering approximately once a week, depending on the dryness of the environment. During the dormant season, in fall and winter, reduce watering frequency to once every two to three weeks. A general rule of thumb would be to use about 1 gallon of water per plant for each watering session, adjusting for the size of your particular plant and environmental conditions.
LightThe Giant Ragwort prefers full sun to partial shade conditions. It thrives best when it receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. The ideal spot for this plant would be in a location where it's exposed to bright, indirect light throughout the day, or where it can bask in the morning sun and receive some afternoon shade to protect from the intense heat.
TemperatureThe Giant Ragwort is adaptable to a range of temperatures but performs best within a range of 50°F to 75°F. It should be protected from extreme cold as it can only withstand temperatures down to about 30°F and from excessively high temperatures above 85°F, which might cause stress to the plant. Ideal growing conditions keep it within that comfortable range, avoiding the risk of frost damage or heat stress.
PruningThe Giant Ragwort should be pruned to remove dead or damaged stems and to encourage bushier growth. The best time for pruning is in late winter or early spring, just before the new growth starts. Prune back up to one-third of the plant's height to maintain its shape. Pruning can be done every year or every other year, depending on the plant's growth and your desired shape.
CleaningAs needed
SoilGiant Spurge (Euphorbia nicaeensis) thrives best in a well-draining soil mix; a combination of loam, sand, and perlite works well. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.0 to 7.5.
RepottingGiant Spurge should be repotted every 2-3 years or when it outgrows its current pot to maintain its health and accommodate its growth.
Humidity & MistingGiant Spurge prefers low to moderate humidity levels, typical of most indoor environments.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Giant Spurge in bright, indirect light indoors.
Outdoor
Ensure full sun to partial shade for Giant Spurge outdoors.
Hardiness zone
7-11 USDA
Life cycleEuphorbia nicaeensis, commonly known as the Turkish Spurge, begins its life cycle as a seed that germinates in late winter or early spring, typically in well-drained soil. Upon germination, it starts as a seedling with a pair of rudimentary leaves, which soon grow into a rosette. The plant undergoes vegetative growth, developing a thick stem and fleshy leaves, and adapts to its environment through a deep root system. In spring or early summer, the Turkish Spurge produces small, greenish-yellow flowers surrounded by distinctive bracts, which are then pollinated by insects. After pollination, fruits develop which are capsules containing seeds that, upon maturity, dehisce and are dispersed by various means. Once the life cycle is complete and the plant senesces, it dies back, leaving behind seeds to start the next generation.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Euphorbia nicaeensis, also known as Olive Spurge, is most commonly propagated by seed. The ideal time to sow seeds for this plant is in the spring after the last frost when temperatures are consistently warm, which facilitates germination. To propagate by seed, prepare a well-draining soil mix and scatter the seeds on the surface, lightly covering them with a thin layer of soil. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the seeds typically germinate within a couple of weeks when kept at around 70°F (21°C). Once seedlings have developed enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual pots and gradually acclimated to outdoor conditions before being planted in their permanent location.
