Portuguese Quince Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica' (F)
ABOUT
The 'Lusitanica' variety of the common quince plant, known by its botanical title Lusitanica, is distinguished by several notable features in its appearance. This fruit-bearing deciduous tree is crowned with a compact array of leaves that exhibit a rich green hue on their upper surface, while the undersides are slightly paler and may show a fuzzy texture. The leaves are arranged in a simple fashion, with a rounded or oval shape that typically manifests as a smooth margin, though it occasionally exhibits slight serrations. As spring emerges, the plant becomes adorned with attractive flowers. These blossoms are solitary and feature a delicate arrangement of petals that can range in color from a pure, snowy white to shades of soft pink. The petals surround a central array of contrasting stamens, which adds a striking visual interest to the overall floral display. Following the blooming period, the fruit begins its development. The quince fruit is known for its pome shape – resembling that of a pear or apple, though with a unique character. As it matures, the fruit's skin acquires a golden-yellow sheen, often touched with a hint of green. The surface of the fruit may present a light fuzziness that can be rubbed off as it ripens. The inner flesh of the quince is notably aromatic, and despite its firmness and astringency when raw, it transforms to a tender, fragrant delicacy when cooked. This attribute makes it a cherished ingredient in various culinary applications, including the creation of jellies, preserves, and traditional dishes. All in all, the 'Lusitanica' variety of the common quince plant carries a serene beauty, marked by showy flowers and distinctive, aromatic fruits, all presented on a backdrop of lush foliage that provides a sense of fullness and vitality within the landscape.
About this plant
NamesSynonyms
Portuguese Quince, Lusitanian Quince
Common names
Cydonia lusitanica Mill., Cydonia vulgaris Pers., Pyrus cydonia (L.) Baumg., Pyrus oblonga (Mill.) Ucria.
ToxicityTo humans
The most common name for Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica' is quince. Quince fruit, in its raw form, may be tough and astringent, but it is not toxic to humans. However, the seeds of the quince contain a small amount of amygdalin, a compound that can release cyanide when digested. Eating a small number of seeds is generally not harmful, but consuming a large quantity can potentially cause cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning from quince seeds can include headaches, dizziness, confusion, vomiting, convulsions, and potentially death if consumed in significant amounts. The rest of the plant, such as the leaves and wood, are not typically ingested and present no notable toxicity to humans when handling or consuming the fruit properly.
To pets
For pets, the common name for Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica' is also quince. Similar to humans, the fruit itself is not toxic to pets, but the seeds can be potentially hazardous if ingested in large quantities. The seeds contain amygdalin, which can release cyanide when metabolized. If a pet were to consume a large number of quince seeds, it could suffer from cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of such poisoning in pets are similar to humans and include panting, difficulty breathing, shock, and potentially death. It is important to keep seeds away from pets to avoid the risk of poisoning.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Pink
Height
10-15 feet (3-4.5 meters)
Spread
10-15 feet (3-4.5 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Southwest Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Quince is often appreciated for its attractive pale pink blossoms that emerge in the spring, adding aesthetic value to gardens and landscapes.
- Edible Fruit: The quince produces a fragrant, pear-shaped fruit that is high in pectin, making it ideal for jams, jellies, and preserves.
- Wildlife Attraction: The flowers provide nectar for bees and other pollinators, while the fruit can attract birds and other wildlife to the garden.
- Shade Provider: As a tree, it offers shade to gardens and outdoor spaces, creating cooler areas during sunny days.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, quince trees are known for their ability to withstand periods of dry weather, making them suitable for xeriscaping or gardens with less frequent watering.
- Cold Resistance: Quince is quite hardy and can tolerate colder temperatures, making it a suitable fruit tree for cooler climates.
- Culinary Use: Apart from making preserves, quince can be used in a variety of culinary dishes including pies, puddings, and savory recipes.
- Cultural Significance: Quince has several cultural references and is celebrated in various festivals and culinary traditions around the world.
Medical Properties- Astringent: The fruit of quince (Cydonia oblonga) contains compounds such as tannins which can have a tightening effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
- Anti-inflammatory: Quince is traditionally used to reduce inflammation due to the presence of phytonutrients.
- Antioxidant: The plant may provide antioxidants that help in protecting cells from oxidative damage.
- Digestive Aid: Quince has been used to aid digestion and alleviate various gastrointestinal issues.
- Cough Suppressant: Some cultures use quince syrup as a remedy for coughs and throat irritation.
- Cardiovascular Health: The fruit is sometimes associated with heart health due to its potential to manage cholesterol levels.
- Immune Support: Regular consumption of quince might help boost the immune system because of its vitamin C content.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- The quince seeds can be used as a natural glue when soaked in water due to their mucilaginous properties, useful in various craft applications.
- Quince can be used as a natural insect repellent when its leaves or fruit are hung in wardrobes or placed in drawers to deter moths.
- The fruit's high pectin content makes it useful for setting jams and jellies, often added to fruits with lower pectin levels.
- In the textile industry, quince mucilage from seeds has been used as a natural mordant in dyeing processes.
- Quince branches can be used in floristry as a part of elaborate floral arrangements due to their interesting shapes and blossoms.
- The wood of the quince tree can be carved into small decorative items or used as smoking chips to flavor meats during grilling.
- Dried quince slices can serve as a natural and aromatic potpourri or be included in scented sachets.
- Quince fruit leather, made by drying pureed quince, provides a chewy and tasty snack, which is a traditional treat in some cultures.
- Fresh quince can be used as a souring agent in cooking, substituting vinegar or tamarind in various recipes.
- The tree can be cultivated for ornamental purposes, showcasing its attractive pale pink flowers and glossy green leaves.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe quince is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe quince is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Love and Fertility: The Quince is often associated with love and fertility, symbolizing the sweetness and pleasure that love brings, as well as the hope for progeny.
- Prosperity: It is believed to bring prosperity and good fortune, making it a common gift in some cultures to wish someone well in their endeavors.
- Protection: Quince has historically been used in rituals and amulets to ward off evil and protect against harm.
- Intelligence and Wisdom: Some cultures value the Quince for its association with intelligence and wisdom, often linked to the golden apple of discord in Greek mythology.
- Marriage: In ancient Greece, the Quince was sacred to Aphrodite and was associated with weddings, symbolizing commitment and enduring love.
WaterQuince trees, like the 'Lusitanica' variety, need consistent watering during the growing season, especially when they're fruiting. Young trees require weekly watering, with around 2 gallons per week. Mature quince trees can be watered every two weeks with approximately 4 to 6 gallons, depending on the soil type and weather conditions. During periods of drought or extreme heat, increase the frequency and amount of water to ensure the tree remains hydrated. Watering should be done at the base of the tree, avoiding wetting the leaves to prevent fungal diseases.
LightQuince trees such as 'Lusitanica' variety thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least six hours of direct sun daily for the best growth and fruit production. They should be planted in a spot where they are not shaded by taller trees or structures. Good light exposure helps to ensure a healthy yield of fruit and robust growth.
TemperatureThe 'Lusitanica' quince prefers temperate climates with a growing season that offers temperatures ranging from around 35°F to 85°F. This variety can generally tolerate winter cold down to about -10°F, but it is crucial to protect young trees from extreme cold snaps. The ideal growing conditions for quince trees are where temperatures consistently stay within the moderate range during their blooming and fruiting seasons.
PruningPruning quince trees, including the 'Lusitanica' variety, is essential for maintaining their health and enhancing fruit production. Pruning should be done during the dormant season, preferably late winter or early spring before new growth starts. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. Annual pruning helps shape the tree, encourages new growth, and allows easier access for fruit harvesting.
CleaningAs needed
SoilFor Quince (Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica'), the best soil mix is well-draining with plenty of organic matter, such as compost or aged manure. A slightly acidic to neutral pH, around 6.0 to 7.0, is ideal for quince trees. Ensure that the soil is deep to accommodate their extensive root systems.
RepottingQuince trees (Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica') do not need repotting often as they are usually grown outdoors. However, if grown in a container, they may require repotting every 3 to 5 years or when the root system outgrows the current pot.
Humidity & MistingQuince (Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica') tolerates a wide range of humidity levels but prefers average to slightly above average humidity. They do not require specific humidity conditions when grown outdoors in their suitable climate zones.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place quince in a sunny spot with well-draining soil.
Outdoor
Plant quince in full sun, sheltered from strong winds, well-drained soil.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA
Life cycleThe common name for Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica' (F) is the Portuguese Quince. The life cycle starts with seed germination, typically occurring in the spring when soil temperatures are suitable for the hard, bony seeds to sprout. The seedling develops into a young tree through vegetative growth, consisting of leaves, stems, and roots. After a few years, the tree reaches maturity and begins its reproductive phase, flowering in late spring with pale pink to white blooms that are pollinated by insects. Following successful pollination, the tree bears fruit, with the quince maturing in late autumn, ready for harvest. After many years, when the tree has reached old age and productivity declines, it eventually dies, completing its life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to Summer
The most popular method of propagating the Cydonia oblonga 'Lusitanica', more commonly known as the Portuguese Quince, is by grafting. This technique involves taking a scion, which is a young shoot or twig, from a healthy, mature Portuguese Quince tree and joining it onto the rootstock of a suitable host, which is often a common quince rootstock. The best time for grafting is late winter or early spring, just before the growing season begins. The scion should be carefully selected for its vigor and characteristics and should be grafted onto the rootstock using a method such as whip-and-tongue or cleft grafting. The grafted area is then secured and sealed to prevent desiccation and infection, and the new grafted plant is maintained under ideal growing conditions until the graft union is strong and growth is well-established.
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