Purple Mullein Verbascum phoeniceum
ABOUT
Verbascum phoeniceum, commonly referred to as Purple Mullein, is a distinctive plant praised for its floral beauty. It features a basal rosette of leaves from which arises one or more flower spikes. The leaves are generally dark green, simple, and can be slightly hairy with an oblong shape, often with deeply veined patterns. As for the flowers, Purple Mullein is celebrated for its delicate and colorful blooms which appear in a range of hues including purple, pink, white, or shades in between. The individual flowers are comprised of five rounded petals, and they form a loose, elongated cluster atop the stem, creating an elegant and spire-like effect. These blooms are often adorned with stamens that have bright orange-colored, fuzzy filaments, adding to the overall visual appeal of the plant. The stems of the Purple Mullein are erect and can be either single or branching, depending on the environment and conditions in which the plant is growing. The overall impression of the Purple Mullein is one of a soft, yet structured plant that adds height and a burst of color to gardens or natural landscapes where it is found. It's particularly favored for its ability to attract butterflies and other pollinators, making it a lively addition to any plant enthusiast's collection.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Scrophulariaceae
Synonyms
Purple Mullein, Temptress Purple Mullein, Phoenician Mullein, Purple Mullein
Common names
Verbascum phlomoides, Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum rothomagensis.
ToxicityTo humans
Verbascum phoeniceum, commonly known as Purple Mullein, is generally not considered toxic to humans. There is no commonplace information on toxicity that suggests that handling or ingesting small quantities of this plant would lead to poisoning in humans. Therefore, there are no specific symptoms of poisoning associated with this plant for humans as it is not recognized as a poisonous species.
To pets
Purple Mullein (Verbascum phoeniceum) is also not known to be toxic to pets. It does not contain any well-documented toxic compounds that would cause symptoms of poisoning in animals. Pets that ingest this plant are unlikely to suffer from poisoning as a consequence. However, as with any non-food plant, ingestion in large amounts could potentially cause gastrointestinal upset due to the plant's fiber content and the digestive system's unfamiliarity with the plant material.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Biennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Varies
Height
2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters)
Spread
0.5-1 feet (0.15-0.3 meters)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Purple Mullein is appreciated for its attractive spike-like clusters of flowers, adding aesthetic appeal to gardens.
- Drought Resistance: Once established, it is very tolerant to drought, making it a low-maintenance option for gardeners with dry soils.
- Pollinator Attraction: It serves as a food source for pollinators such as bees and butterflies, supporting local ecosystems.
- Erosion Control: Its deep root system can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion in certain landscapes.
- Deer Resistance: Purple Mullein is not a preferred plant for deer to eat, which can be beneficial in areas with deer pressure.
- Low Nutrient Requirement: It can grow in poor soils where other ornamental plants may struggle, requiring less fertilizer.
- Culinary Use: While not commonly eaten, certain parts of the plant are edible and can be used decoratively in salads.
Medical Properties- Expectorant: Verbascum phoeniceum has been traditionally used to help expel mucus from the throat and lungs.
- Demulcent: The mucilage present in the plant can soothe irritated mucous membranes.
- Anti-inflammatory: It may reduce inflammation in various parts of the body.
- Astringent: Can be used to tighten tissues and dry out secretions.
- Diuretic: Might promote the production of urine, thereby helping in flushing out toxins from the body.
- Emollient: Often used in herbal skin care for its moisturizing and softening properties.
- Antibacterial: There may be components in the plant that help fight against bacterial infections.
- Antiviral: Some say it might have the potential to inhibit certain viruses.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Verbascum phoeniceum, commonly known as Purple Mullein, can be used as a yellow natural dye for textiles, deriving its color from the flowers and roots.
- The tall, sturdy stalks of Purple Mullein can be dipped in wax or suet and used as torches or natural lighting at outdoor events.
- The soft leaves of the Purple Mullein are sometimes used as a natural toilet paper alternative in wilderness and survival situations.
- Dry leaves of Purple Mullein can be added to compost piles as a ‘brown ingredient’ to balance the green, nitrogen-rich materials.
- The seeds of Purple Mullein can be used to create a fish toxin that indigenous people historically used for fishing in still waters.
- Flower spikes of Purple Mullein add vertical interest to dried floral arrangements, retaining their shape and color when dried.
- Purple Mullein plants can be incorporated into permaculture designs as a companion plant that attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies.
- The dried stems of Purple Mullein have been used in traditional crafts, such as making dolls or other decorative objects.
- When dried, Purple Mullein flowers can be infused in oils to create homemade natural candles with a mild scent.
- Purple Mullein's robust nature allows it to act as a cover crop in fields, preventing soil erosion and retaining soil moisture.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Purple Mullein is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Purple Mullein is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Healing: Verbascum phoeniceum, commonly known as Purple Mullein, has traditionally been used in herbal medicine, symbolizing healing and health.
- Protection: Purple Mullein was often used to ward off evil spirits and bad luck, representing spiritual and physical protection.
- Love Divination: Folklore suggests that the plant was used in love divinations, symbolically aiding in matters of love and relationships.
- Consolation: With its gentle appearance, Purple Mullein is sometimes used to convey feelings of solace and comfort to those experiencing sorrow.
WaterPurple Mullein requires moderate watering. Water it thoroughly until excess water drains out the bottom of the pot, typically once a week during the growing season. Reduce the frequency to every other week in the winter when the plant is dormant. The amount of water needed can range from half a gallon to a gallon depending on the size of the plant and the environmental conditions. Always allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again to prevent root rot.
LightPurple Mullein thrives in full sun to light shade. Place it in a location where it receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. If growing indoors, a south-facing window is ideal to provide the bright conditions it prefers.
TemperaturePurple Mullein performs best in temperatures between 50°F and 85°F. It can survive temperatures as low as 20°F but will not survive if temperatures drop below freezing for extended periods. The ideal growth temperature range is from 60°F to 75°F.
PruningPruning Purple Mullein is necessary to remove spent flower spikes and to encourage bushier growth. Cut back the flower stalks after they have finished blooming, which is typically in late summer or fall. Prune lightly throughout the growing season to maintain shape and remove any damaged or diseased leaves.
CleaningAs needed
SoilPurple Mullein thrives best in well-draining soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH, ranging from 6.5 to 8.5. A good soil mix for Purple Mullein can be made with equal parts garden soil, sand, and compost to ensure drainage and fertility. It is important to avoid waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot.
RepottingPurple Mullein, being a biennial, doesn't typically need frequent repotting. It can be sown directly into the garden or repotted once it outgrows its container, usually every other year or when it appears to be pot-bound.
Humidity & MistingPurple Mullein prefers a dry to moderate humidity environment and does well in the average atmospheric conditions found in temperate regions. It does not require high humidity levels to thrive.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Ensure full sun, well-drained soil, and occasional watering.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun, well-drained soil, and water sparingly.
Hardiness zone
5-8 USDA
Life cycleVerbascum phoeniceum, commonly known as Purple Mullein, begins its life as a seed which germinates in late spring when soil temperatures are warm and moisture is adequate. The seedling stage develops into a rosette of leaves at ground level, where it may remain through its first growing season. In the following spring or early summer, the plant enters its vegetative growth stage, wherein a tall flower spike rises from the basal rosette. The reproductive stage follows, during which the Purple Mullein produces vibrant, colorful flowers that are typically purple, pink, or white, attracting pollinators for fertilization. After pollination, the flowers develop into capsules containing numerous seeds, which complete the life cycle when they are dispersed by wind or other means to new locations where they can germinate. Finally, after seed set, the plant usually dies, as Purple Mullein is a biennial, completing its life cycle in two years.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to summer
Verbascum phoeniceum, commonly known as Purple Mullein, is most effectively propagated by seed. The ideal time to sow Purple Mullein seeds is late winter to early spring. To propagate, scatter the tiny seeds on the surface of a well-draining soil mix and lightly press them into the soil without covering them, as they need light to germinate. Keep the seed tray or pot in a warm area, around 65-70 degrees Fahrenheit (18-21 degrees Celsius), and maintain a moist environment, but not waterlogged, to encourage germination. Seedlings usually appear within two to three weeks. After the danger of frost has passed and the seedlings are strong enough, they can be transplanted outdoors to their final growing positions, ensuring they are spaced about 18 inches (45 centimeters) apart to accommodate for their growth.
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