Quassia Picrasma quassioides
ABOUT
Commonly known as the Quassia tree, this plant is characterized by its bold appearance and distinct features. It has a branching structure that often bears a rich canopy of leaves, which are pinnate, meaning they are composed of multiple leaflets arranged on either side of a central stem. Each leaflet is lance-shaped with a pointed tip, offering a textured look to the foliage. The color of the leaves typically ranges from a glossy deep green to a lighter shade, which can change with the seasons. The Quassia tree is known for its striking flowers, which are small and arranged in dense clusters. These clusters are known as panicles and can produce a visually attractive display. The individual flowers generally have a pale color, sometimes white or yellowish, with a delicate appearance that can attract various pollinators. Following the flowering season, the Quassia tree can produce fruit that is dark and berry-like. These fruits may be appealing to birds and other wildlife, contributing to the dispersal of the tree's seeds. The berries are usually small and inconspicuous compared to the more noticeable leaves and flowers. The bark of the Quassia tree is another notable characteristic, often being textured and can range in color from a muted gray to a more pronounced brown. This bark adds to the overall aesthetic of the plant and can be of interest to those appreciating the natural beauty of tree trunks and branches. Overall, the Quassia tree, without mentioning specific dimensions, presents an appealing look that can contribute to the biodiversity and visual interest of the environment in which it is situated. Its combination of leaves, flowers, fruits, and bark creates a full profile of features that are typical of a tree with a diverse range of botanical elements.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Simaroubaceae
Synonyms
Chinese Quassia, Japanese Quassia, Bitterwood, Dalmaya
Common names
N/A
ToxicityTo humans
The plant commonly known as Japanese Quassia or Quassia is not widely recognized for its toxicity to humans. However, like many plants, parts of it may contain compounds that can be irritating or harmful if ingested in large quantities. If the plant is ingested, it might theoretically cause gastrointestinal upset or other symptoms due to these compounds. It is not commonly listed as a poisonous plant, and there is limited information available on severe poisoning or toxic symptoms in humans from Picrasma quassioides. Nevertheless, as with any plant not known for its edibility, it should not be consumed, and care should be taken to avoid ingesting parts of this plant.
To pets
Japanese Quassia or Quassia is not commonly known for its toxicity to pets. There is a lack of detailed information regarding its potential toxicity to cats, dogs, or other household pets. While it may not be a plant frequently reported to cause poisoning, the ingestion of non-food plants can sometimes cause mild to moderate gastrointestinal upset in pets such as vomiting or diarrhea. Due to the general lack of specific data on the toxicity of Picrasma quassioides to pets, it is advised to prevent pets from ingesting this plant, and to consult with a veterinarian if ingestion occurs.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Height
15 feet (4.57 meters)
Spread
10 feet (3.05 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
6
Native area
East Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Ecological importance: Supports various insects and wildlife that rely on its nectar, fruits, or leaves for food.
- Ornamental value: Can be used in landscaping for its attractive foliage and overall appearance.
- Soil improvement: Its roots may help to stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
- Cultural significance: Might hold a place in traditional practices or regional history of areas where it is indigenous.
- Wood use: The timber can be used for making furniture or craftwork, depending on its quality and hardness.
Medical Properties- Antimalarial: Contains compounds that exhibit activity against the malaria parasite.
- Antiparasitic: Traditionally used to treat parasitic infections.
- Antibacterial: Exhibits properties that can inhibit bacterial growth.
- Antifungal: Demonstrates effectiveness against fungal pathogens.
- Hepatoprotective: Has potential to protect the liver from damage.
- Anti-inflammatory: May help in reducing inflammation in the body.
- Antioxidant: Possesses compounds that can neutralize free radicals.
- Febrifuge: Used historically to reduce fever.
- Stomachic: Known to help in improving digestion and relieving digestive disorders.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Insecticide: The bitter compounds in Picrasma quassioides, particularly quassinoids, can be used as insecticides to protect against pests in agriculture.
- Woodworking: The wood of Picrasma quassioides is durable and can be used to make handicrafts, furniture, and other wooden items.
- Dyeing: The bark and wood can be processed to produce a natural dye for textiles, giving them a brownish hue.
- Fishing Aid: Extracts from the plant have been used by fishermen to poison fish, making them easier to catch.
- Livestock Feed: Leaves of Picrasma quassioides may be included in livestock feed as a bittering agent to help with digestion.
- Ornamental Use: Because of its interesting foliage and structure, the plant may be used as an ornamental in gardens and parks.
- Groundwater Protection: The plant's robust root system can help to prevent soil erosion and maintain groundwater quality.
- Culinary Spice: In some cultures, the bitter elements of Picrasma quassioides are used in small amounts to flavor certain traditional dishes.
- Traditional Ceremonies: Parts of the plant are sometimes used in cultural or religious ceremonies as symbols or offerings.
- Bioactive Compounds Source: Extracts from Picrasma quassioides may be used as a source of bioactive compounds for the development of non-medical products like herbicides or preservatives.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Chinese quassia is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Chinese quassia is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Medicinal Healing: Picrasma quassioides, commonly known as the Chinese Quassia, symbolizes medicinal healing due to its historical use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various ailments.
- Resilience: This plant can thrive in tough conditions, hence it often represents the ability to persevere and overcome difficulties.
- Bitterness: The Chinese Quassia has a very bitter taste, making it a symbol for the bitterness or harshness one might encounter in life.
- Purification: Traditionally used to make a bitter wood infusion, Chinese Quassia is associated with purification and cleansing, both physically and spiritually.
WaterThe Chinese quassia should be watered moderately, providing enough water to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. During the growing season, water the plant approximately once a week with around half a gallon for a medium-sized pot. Adjust the frequency of watering based on the weather conditions, watering more often during hot, dry spells and reducing it during cooler, rainy periods. Always check the top inch of soil for dryness before watering and reduce watering in the dormant winter season to prevent root rot.
LightThe Chinese quassia thrives best in bright, indirect light. Position it in a spot where it will receive filtered sunlight, such as near an east-facing or west-facing window where the harsh direct sun of midday is avoided. Avoid placing it in deep shade or direct sunlight, which could scorch its leaves or stunt its growth.
TemperatureThe Chinese quassia prefers a temperature range between 60 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit, though it can tolerate a wider range from about 50 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Ensure it is not exposed to temperatures below 50 degrees, as cold drafts can damage the plant. The ideal conditions are a stable environment with temperatures that mimic its native subtropical habitat.
PruningThe Chinese quassia should be pruned to maintain shape and remove any dead or damaged branches. Pruning is best done in the late winter or early spring before new growth begins. It's not necessary to prune the plant often; once a year is typically sufficient. Use sharp, clean pruning shears to make clean cuts, which will help the plant heal faster.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe best soil mix for the Chinese quinine tree should be well-draining, rich in organic matter, and slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH of 5.5 to 7.5. A mixture of loamy soil, peat, and perlite or sand is recommended to provide the necessary drainage and aeration.
RepottingThe Chinese quinine tree should be repotted every 2-3 years or when it outgrows its pot. Young plants may need more frequent repotting, while mature trees can go longer between repots.
Humidity & MistingThe Chinese quinine tree thrives in moderate to high humidity levels, ideally between 40% to 60%. This plant prefers a consistently humid environment but can tolerate some fluctuation.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Provide bright, indirect light and keep away from drafts for indoor Chinese quinine trees.
Outdoor
Plant in partial shade and protect from extreme weather for outdoor Chinese quinine trees.
Hardiness zone
6-9 USDA
Life cyclePicrasma quassioides, commonly known as the Chinese quassia, starts its life cycle as a seed, often dispersed by wind or wildlife. Upon germinating, the seed develops into a seedling with essential structures such as the radicle and plumule. As it grows, the seedling transitions into a sapling, establishing a root system and extending its shoots and leaves towards the sunlight. The sapling stage continues until it matures into an adult tree, characterized by the development of a woody trunk and a broad canopy. The mature Chinese quassia reaches reproductive maturity and begins to produce flowers, which, upon successful pollination, develop into fruits holding seeds. The seeds are then shed, ready to start a new life cycle, and the plant may continue to grow and reproduce for many years.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-summer
The most popular method of propagating Picrasma quassioides, commonly known as the Bitter Ash, is by seed. The best time to collect seeds is in the fall when they ripen, usually around late September to October. Once collected, the seeds need to be sown immediately as they lose viability quickly when stored. They should be sown in well-drained soil at a depth of around 1/2 inch (about 1.3 centimeters) and spaced adequately to allow for seedling growth. Seedlings usually emerge the following spring and should be left to grow in a nursery bed for one to two years before being transplanted to their final location. This method relishes in the plant's natural cycle, encouraging a higher likelihood of successful growth and mimicking its propagation in the wild.