Lotus Nelumbo nucifera
ABOUT
The plant commonly known as the lotus features large, iconic flowers that are often pink or white with a distinctive central head containing the reproductive structures. Each bloom is characterized by multiple layers of delicate petals arrayed around this center in a symmetrical pattern. The leaves of the lotus are also notable; they are quite sizeable, rounded, and have a waxy texture, causing water to bead on the surface. These leaves usually float on top of the water or may stand above the surface. The overall impression of the lotus is one of serene beauty, often associated with purity and enlightenment. The plant typically grows in water, rooted in the soil of a pond or river bottom, with its leaves and flowers emerging above the surface. The underwater parts include a thick rhizome, or modified stem, from which roots extend into the mud and new shoots head towards the light. The flowers have a fruiting head that later dries and contains the seeds, which can be edible along with the rhizomes. Overall, the lotus is admired for its lovely blooms and unique floating foliage.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Nelumbonaceae.
Synonyms
Sacred Lotus, Indian Lotus, Bean of India, Egyptian Bean.
Common names
Nelumbium speciosum, Nelumbo komarovii, Nelumbo speciosa, Nymphaea nelumbo.
ToxicityTo humans
The most common common name of Nelumbo nucifera is lotus. Lotus is not considered toxic to humans and is actually used in various culinary dishes across different cultures, particularly in Asia. The roots, seeds, leaves, and stems of the lotus plant are all edible when properly prepared. However, as with any plant, it is possible for an individual to have a rare allergic reaction, but this is not commonplace. In general, ingesting parts of the lotus plant does not lead to toxicity or poisoning.
To pets
Lotus, the common name for Nelumbo nucifera, is not known to be toxic to pets. Both dogs and cats can come into contact with lotus without the risk of poisoning from the plant. The consumption of this plant is generally safe, and it does not typically result in adverse or toxic effects. However, as with any non-typical food item, overconsumption might lead to gastrointestinal upset such as diarrhea or vomiting, largely due to the pet's digestive system not being accustomed to the plant matter. Owners should always be cautious when introducing new foods into their pet's diet and should consult with a veterinarian with any concerns regarding the introduction of plant-based materials.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Pink
Height
3-6 feet (0.9-1.8 meters)
Spread
3 feet (0.9 meters)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
4-10
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Edible Uses: Commonly known as the lotus, Nelumbo nucifera has seeds, leaves, and roots that are edible and often used in Asian cuisine, providing a source of food.
- Aquatic Beauty: The lotus is celebrated for its beauty and often grown in water gardens and ponds for its aesthetic value, with its impressive flowers enhancing the landscape.
- Cultural Significance: It holds deep religious and cultural symbolism in many societies, particularly in Buddhism and Hinduism, representing purity and enlightenment.
- Habitat for Wildlife: Lotus ponds provide habitats for a variety of aquatic creatures, including fish and amphibians, contributing to biodiversity.
- Recreational Use: Fishing and boating can often be enjoyed on lotus-covered waters, adding recreational value to natural and man-made water bodies.
- Erosion Control: The root systems of the lotus can help stabilize river banks and pond edges, reducing soil erosion.
- Culinary Attraction: Lotus flowers and seeds are often used in culinary presentations, adding visual appeal to dishes with their unique and elegant appearance.
Medical Properties- Anti-inflammatory: Nelumbo nucifera has compounds that have shown to reduce inflammation.
- Antioxidant: The plant contains antioxidants that help protect cells from damage.
- Antipyretic: It has been used traditionally to reduce fever.
- Anxiolytic: It may possess anxiety-reducing effects.
- Cardioprotective: There are indications that the plant might have a protective effect on the heart.
- Antidiabetic: Some studies suggest it could help in managing blood sugar levels.
- Antidiarrheal: It has been used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhea.
- Hepatoprotective: The plant might help in protecting the liver.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Natural dye: The petals of the lotus are sometimes used for their natural pigments, providing a source of non-toxic dye for fabrics and foods.
- Bacterial culture medium: Lotus root mucilage can be used as a growth medium in microbial culture experiments, providing an alternative to standard agar plates.
- Enrichment for aquatic animals: Lotus plants can be added to aquariums and ponds to provide a more complex and enriching environment for fish and other aquatic creatures.
- Floating decorations: Dried lotus pods are often used in floral arrangements or as standalone decorations, especially because of their unique, eye-catching appearance.
- Eco-friendly packaging: In some regions, lotus leaves are used as a natural wrapping material for food, replacing plastics or other synthetic materials.
- Culinary garnish: The flowers and young leaves can be used to decorate dishes, adding a touch of elegance to gourmet presentations.
- Biodegradable dishes: Large lotus leaves may serve as biodegradable plates or bowls for outdoor eating events, reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact.
- Waterproof fabric: The hydrophobic nature of lotus leaves has been studied for developing water-repellent materials and surfaces, influencing the creation of waterproof clothing and other textiles.
- Ritual significance: In various cultural ceremonies and religious practices, the lotus may be utilized symbolically, as it is associated with purity and spiritual awakening.
- Agricultural use: Lotus plants can be introduced to waterlogged agricultural fields to enhance water purification and soil quality, benefitting crop production indirectly.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Lotus is employed in Feng Shui as a symbol of purity, peace, and enlightenment. It is typically used in areas of a home or space that require calming energy, such as the bedroom or meditation spaces. The Lotus is believed to promote harmony and inner quietude, as well as to aid in overcoming obstacles and pursuing personal growth, making it an auspicious plant to incorporate in Feng Shui design.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Lotus is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Purity and Enlightenment: The Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the Lotus Flower, often grows in muddy waters but emerges pristine and beautiful. This symbolizes purity of the spirit and mind, rising above the murk to achieve enlightenment.
- Rebirth and Regeneration: The Lotus Flower has the ability to go dormant during unfavorable conditions, and rebloom with the return of water. It is therefore symbolic of rebirth and the ability to overcome difficult circumstances.
- Divine Beauty: Revered for its beauty, the Lotus Flower is often associated with divine deities and purity of the soul, symbolizing an untouched and untarnished essence.
- Creation and Cosmic Order: In many Eastern cultures, the Lotus Flower represents the creation of the universe and spiritual awakening, symbolizing the order of the cosmos and life.
WaterThe Lotus, commonly known as Nelumbo nucifera, thrives in aquatic environments and requires substantial amounts of water to grow properly. They are typically grown in ponds or containers that allow their roots to be submerged in water at all times. It's crucial to maintain the water level to ensure the roots and rhizomes are always underwater; this may require adding several gallons weekly, depending on evaporation and absorption rates. During the hot season, water levels should be checked more frequently to compensate for increased evaporation. It is not necessary to water Lotus plants in the traditional sense since they live in water, but the key is to maintain consistent water depth, ideally between 2 to 4 feet.
LightThe Lotus requires full sunlight for optimal growth. It should be placed in a location where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. The plant will perform best when it gets ample sunlight, promoting healthy leaf and flower development. Therefore, the best spot for a Lotus plant is in an open area of a pond or garden that is not overshadowed by taller plants or structures.
TemperatureLotus plants are quite temperature resilient and can tolerate a wide range of conditions; however, they flourish in warm temperatures. They can survive minimum temperatures just above 32°F, as Lotus plants are dormant in winter months. The ideal growing temperatures for Lotus are between 75°F and 87°F. Excessive cold or frost can damage the plant, so it should be protected or moved to a greenhouse if temperatures approach the freezing point.
PruningPruning the Lotus plant is important to maintain its health and appearance. Diseased or damaged leaves should be removed as soon as they are noticed. After the Lotus has finished blooming, usually in late summer or early fall, yellowing or withered foliage should be pruned to encourage new growth. It is best to prune when the plant is in active growth to quickly recover from the pruning process.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe best soil mix for Lotus, or Nelumbo nucifera, is a heavy clay loam that retains water yet is low in organic matter. For optimal growth, a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal. A mixture of two parts clay to one part river sand can work well, ensuring the roots anchor well and the rhizomes can expand.
RepottingLotus plants, or Nelumbo nucifera, typically need to be repotted every one to two years to replenish nutrients and space for growth. Repotting should be done in late winter or early spring before the growing season begins.
Humidity & MistingLotus plants, known as Nelumbo nucifera, grow best in high humidity environments, especially when they are flowering. A humidity level of 50-60% is generally suitable but being water plants, they thrive with higher humidity around the water bodies they inhabit.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Grow Lotus in large containers with ample water and full sun.
Outdoor
Plant Lotus in ponds with mud and full sunlight exposure.
Hardiness zone
4-11 USDA
Life cycleThe life of the Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) starts as a seed that can remain viable for many years. Upon germination, which may be stimulated by intense heat or scrubbing, the seedling grows roots that anchor it to the muddy bottom of a pond or river and a shoot that reaches towards the water surface. Once the shoot breaks the surface, the Lotus unfurls its first floating leaves and begins photosynthesis. As the plant matures, it sends up larger leaves that stand above the water on stiff petioles, and it produces distinctive, large, and fragrant flowers, each partaking in a brief but showy bloom. After pollination, often by insects attracted to the flowers' color and scent, the plant forms a cone-shaped fruit with embedded seeds. When the mature fruit falls into the water or dries out, the seeds are released, and the cycle starts anew, with each capable of lying dormant for generations before germinating.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
The most popular method of propagation for the lotus, Nelumbo nucifera, is by division of its rhizomes or tubers. This is typically done in late winter or early spring before the growing season begins. The rhizomes are extracted carefully from the muddy substrate of the pond or container in which they are grown. Using a sharp knife, sections that have at least one growth point, or "eye," are cut away from the parent plant. These sections should be about 4 inches (about 10 centimeters) long to ensure that they have enough stored energy to establish themselves when replanted. The cuttings are then planted in a mud or a soil-rich pot and submerged in shallow water until new growth appears, indicating successful propagation.