Allegheny serviceberry Amelanchier laevis 'R.j. Hilton'
ABOUT
The Amelanchier laevis 'R.J. Hilton', commonly known as the Allegheny serviceberry, exhibits a graceful, ornamental appearance that captivates onlookers throughout the seasons. In spring, this deciduous plant is adorned with a stunning display of white flowers that dapple its branching structure. Each blossom comprises five rounded petals that create a star-like effect known for its delicate beauty. As the season progresses, these flowers give way to small, round berries that mature to a deep, dark purple, almost black hue. These berries are not only visually appealing against the foliage but also attract a variety of birds and wildlife. Speaking of foliage, the leaves of the Allegheny serviceberry are similarly enchanting, emerging as a rich coppery-orange color before maturing to a lush green. In autumn, the plant isn't shy about showing off once more; the leaves transform into brilliant shades of red and orange, making for a mesmerizing autumnal display. The overall form of the Allegheny serviceberry is rounded to upright, giving it a structured yet natural elegance that complements varied landscapes. Its smooth gray bark adds a subtle charm, contributing to the plant's year-round interest.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Rosaceae
Synonyms
Smooth Shadbush, Smooth Serviceberry, Allegheny Serviceberry
Common names
Amelanchier laevis 'R.j. Hilton'.
ToxicityTo humans
Serviceberry is generally not considered toxic to humans. In fact, the berries are edible and commonly used in jellies, pies, and other foods. There are no well-documented cases of poisoning from consuming Serviceberry, and it is not known to contain any harmful substances in quantities large enough to cause toxicity in humans when parts of the plant are ingested in normal food quantities.
To pets
Serviceberry is also generally considered non-toxic to pets. Much like for humans, the berries are not harmful and can be ingested by pets without the risk of poisoning. There is no evidence to suggest that any part of the Serviceberry plant would cause toxicity in pets, so it is considered safe in a garden or yard where pets may have access to it.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
15-25 feet (4.5-7.6 meters)
Spread
15-20 feet (4.5-6 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
4-9
Native area
North America
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Appeal: Amelanchier laevis 'R.J. Hilton', commonly known as the Allegheny serviceberry, provides visual interest with its delicate white flowers in spring and vibrant foliage that changes color in the autumn.
- Wildlife Support: Its berries attract birds and other wildlife, providing them with a valuable food source.
- Shade Tolerance: This plant is capable of growing in partial shade, offering flexibility in landscape design and use under the canopy of other trees.
- Erosion Control: The serviceberry’s root system helps stabilize soil, reducing erosion on slopes and in naturalized areas.
- Low Maintenance: Once established, the Allegheny serviceberry requires minimal care, making it suitable for low-maintenance landscapes.
- Drought Resistance: The plant is relatively drought-tolerant once mature, which is beneficial in drier climates or during water restrictions.
- Edible Berries: The fruit is not only beneficial to wildlife but also edible for humans and can be used in jams, jellies, and baked goods.
- Seasonal Variety: It adds year-round interest to gardens with its seasonal transformations from flowers to berries to autumn foliage.
- Pollinator Attraction: The spring flowers provide an early source of nectar for bees and other pollinators.
- Compact Size: The 'R.J. Hilton' variety typically maintains a manageable size, which is ideal for smaller gardens or residential landscaping.
- Adaptability: Serviceberries can adapt to a variety of soil types, although they prefer moist, well-drained conditions.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Wildlife Habitat: Amelanchier laevis, commonly known as smooth shadbush, provides shelter and nesting sites for birds and small mammals.
- Bonsai: The smooth shadbush can be cultivated as a bonsai, with enthusiasts appreciating its delicate blossoms and fall coloration.
- Natural Dyes: The bark and roots of the smooth shadbush can be used for creating natural dyes for textiles.
- Photography: With its striking spring flowers and autumn colors, smooth shadbush is a popular subject for nature photographers.
- Winter Interest: The tree's structure and berry-like pomes offer visual interest in a bleak winter landscape.
- Fruit Pectin Source: The fruits can be used to extract pectin, a natural thickener, for making jams and jellies.
- Ink Production: The tannins in the leaves and bark of smooth shadbush can be used to make ink.
- Woodworking: The wood is hard and dense, making it suitable for tool handles and other small woodworking projects.
- Educational Tool: Smooth shadbush can serve as a learning resource in botany and horticulture classes due to its distinct seasonal changes.
- Artistic Inspiration: Artists might use the form, flowers, and berries of the smooth shadbush as motifs in paintings, drawings, and sculptures.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Serviceberry is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Serviceberry is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- R.j. Hilton Amelanchier, commonly known as the Allegheny serviceberry, symbolizes new beginnings, as it is one of the first plants to bloom in spring.
- It represents renewal and hope, reflecting the cycle of life and the return of vitality after the winter season.
- The tree is also a symbol of provision and sustenance, as its berries have historically been a food source for both Native Americans and settlers.
- Additionally, the Allegheny serviceberry signifies appreciation and gratitude, often planted in memory of loved ones and to express thanks.
WaterThe Smooth Serviceberry requires consistent moisture, especially when establishing. Water this shrub deeply once a week, providing about 1.5 to 2 gallons per session during its growing season. In periods of drought or extreme heat, the frequency should increase to twice a week. During the winter or in cooler weather, water less frequently, but ensure the soil doesn't completely dry out. Overwatering should be avoided, as it can lead to root rot.
LightThe Smooth Serviceberry thrives in full sun to partial shade conditions. The ideal location would expose the plant to at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily while also offering some afternoon shade in hotter climates to prevent leaf scorch.
TemperatureThe Smooth Serviceberry is hardy and adaptable, tolerating temperatures as low as -20°F and as high as 90°F. However, its ideal growing condition ranges between 60°F and 75°F. Freezing temperatures or sudden frosts can damage new growth, so protection during unexpected cold snaps is beneficial.
PruningPrune the Smooth Serviceberry to maintain its shape and remove any dead or diseased branches, preferably in late winter or early spring before new growth starts. Light pruning can be done annually, while more extensive shaping should occur every 2 to 3 years to encourage airflow and sunlight penetration which helps maintain plant health and vigor.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe Allegheny serviceberry prefers a well-draining soil mix with plenty of organic matter, such as a blend of loam, compost, and peat moss. The ideal soil pH for this plant should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0.
RepottingAllegheny serviceberry is often grown as a landscape tree and does not typically require repotting. If grown in a container, repotting should be done every 2-3 years or when rootbound.
Humidity & MistingThe Allegheny serviceberry prefers moderate to high humidity levels but is quite adaptable to less humid conditions typical of temperate climates.
Suitable locationsIndoor
It's not ideal to grow Allegheny serviceberry indoors; it requires full sun.
Outdoor
Plant in well-draining soil, full sun, and mulch; water regularly.
Hardiness zone
4-9 USDA
Life cycleThe life cycle of Amelanchier laevis 'R.J. Hilton', commonly known as Smooth Serviceberry or Allegheny Serviceberry, begins with seed germination which occurs in spring following stratification, a process where seeds go through a period of cold to break dormancy. After germination, the seedling stage involves the establishment of roots and the emergence of the first leaves. With suitable conditions of soil, moisture, and light, the plant enters the vegetative growth stage, rapidly developing foliage and increasing in size. The Smooth Serviceberry reaches the reproductive stage in early spring, typically flowering before the leaves fully expand, with delicate white blossoms that attract pollinators. Once pollinated, the flowers develop into small, berry-like pomes that mature by summer and provide food for wildlife. After many years, the mature plant will eventually reach the senescence stage, where growth slows, and the plant begins to decline in vigor, completing its life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Amelanchier laevis 'R.J. Hilton', commonly known as the Allegheny serviceberry, is typically propagated by seed or cuttings with optimal timing in the fall for seeds and late spring to early summer for softwood cuttings. However, the most popular method is through softwood cuttings, which involves selecting healthy new growth— typically 4 to 6 inches (about 10 to 15 cm) in length. These cuttings are taken from the plant early in the day and the leaves on the lower half are removed. The base of the cutting is then dipped in a rooting hormone to encourage root development and is planted in a moist, well-draining potting mix. The environment should be kept humid, and the cuttings should be placed in indirect light to avoid scorching. With proper care, roots will begin to form in several weeks, after which the new Allegheny serviceberry plants can gradually be acclimatized to outdoor conditions and planted in their final location.
