Spring Vetchling Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow'
ABOUT
The Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow,' commonly known as the Spring Vetchling or Spring Pea, is an attractive perennial that showcases a charming display of flowers and foliage. The plant boasts pinnate leaves that are composed of multiple small leaflets, creating a delicate, feathery texture. These leaves are typically a fresh, vivid green that stands out in the garden. As suggested by its cultivar name 'Rainbow', this Spring Pea is notable for its flowers that come in a variety of colors. The blooms emerge in early spring, gracing the plant with hues ranging from purple and pink to a subtle blue, often with intricate veins and shading that make each flower appear unique. These blooms resemble the shape of sweet peas, having a winged and keel-like structure, though they are generally smaller and grow in dense clusters. As the Spring Vetchling progresses through its blooming period, the flowers can change color, creating the appearance of a multicolored tapestry. This intriguing feature adds an element of surprise as the plant matures through the season. The foliage and flowers together create a bushy habit, presenting an overall lush and rounded appearance that is aesthetically pleasing in a garden setting. The Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow' is often appreciated for these colorful and variable qualities, which make it a delightful addition to any mixed border, woodland area, or cottage garden, where it can complement other spring-flowering plants.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Fabaceae.
Synonyms
Spring Vetchling, Spring Pea, Eternal Pea.
Common names
Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow'.
ToxicityTo humans
The Spring Vetchling, which is another name for Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow', contains a toxin known as ODAP or beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid. If ingested in large quantities, it can cause lathyrism, a disease that affects the nervous system. Symptoms include weakness, paralysis of the lower limbs, and sometimes even convulsions and respiratory difficulty. Chronic consumption can result in permanent paralysis and skeletal abnormalities.
To pets
The Spring Vetchling is also toxic to pets due to the presence of the amino acid ODAP. If pets consume parts of this plant, similar symptoms to those seen in humans could occur, such as weakness and paralysis, primarily affecting the hind limbs. Pets might also experience convulsions and could suffer from respiratory distress if they consume large amounts of the plant. Chronic ingestion can lead to long-lasting health issues, including skeletal problems and neurological damage.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Mixed
Height
1.5 feet (45 cm)
Spread
1 feet (30 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
4
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Early Spring Bloomer: Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow', commonly known as spring vetchling, produces flowers early in the spring, adding color to the garden when many other plants are not yet in bloom.
- Aesthetic Appeal: The plant offers a range of hues as its flowers transition from purple to blue to a creamy yellow, providing a changing palette that can complement a variety of garden designs.
- Low Maintenance: Spring vetchling is known for being low maintenance, requiring minimal care once established, making it a good choice for gardeners of all skill levels.
- Drought Tolerance: After establishment, it has a good degree of drought tolerance, reducing the need for frequent watering.
- Attracts Pollinators: The flowers of the spring vetchling attract bees and butterflies, which are important for pollinating garden plants and the overall health of the ecosystem.
- Deer and Rabbit Resistant: This plant is generally resistant to deer and rabbits, which can be beneficial in areas where these animals are common and garden plants are at risk.
- Compact Size: Typically reaching about 12-18 inches in height, it is well-suited for small gardens, borders or as an understory plant in woodland gardens.
- Non-Invasive: Unlike some other ornamental plants, spring vetchling does not typically become invasive, so it won't overrun other plantings in the garden.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Spring Beauty Accent: Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow', commonly known as spring vetchling, can be used to add a burst of early spring color to rock gardens with its attractive purplish pink blooms.
- Ephemeral Groundcover: In woodland gardens, it can be used as a groundcover that disappears in summer, letting other plants take the spotlight.
- Photography Prop: The distinctive flowers of the spring vetchling can make an excellent subject for macro photography in early spring.
- Floral Arrangements: Fresh cut flowers of the spring vetchling can be used in seasonal floral arrangements due to their vibrant color and unique shape.
- Education and Research: This plant can serve as a specimen in botanic gardens and educational institutions for studying the phenology of early-flowering perennials.
- Artistic Inspiration: Artists may use the delightful blooms of spring vetchling as inspiration for paintings, drawings, and fabric designs.
- Companion Planting: The spring vetchling can be planted alongside other early bloomers like hellebores and snowdrops to create a succession of blossoms in a shade garden.
- Culinary Garnish: Although not traditionally eaten, the flowers could potentially be used as an edible garnish for spring dishes, provided they are proven to be safe and non-toxic.
- Seed Harvesting: Seed enthusiasts may collect the seeds of the spring vetchling for trading with other gardeners or for attempting to grow new variations.
- Wedding Decor: The flowers of the spring vetchling could be integrated into environmentally themed wedding decorations, especially for ceremonies held in spring.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiSpring vetch is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilitySpring vetch is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Spring Arrival: The name 'vernus' indicates its association with spring, as Lathyrus vernus 'Rainbow' blooms in early spring, symbolizing the end of winter and the beginning of a new life cycle.
- Renewal: The vibrant blooms of the spring vetchling can symbolize renewal and rebirth because they are among the first flowers to herald in the spring season.
- Happiness and Joy: Typically, the bright and varied colors of the 'Rainbow' variety convey a sense of cheerfulness and positivity, often used to express happiness in garden settings.
- Versatility: Given its 'Rainbow' moniker, the plant may represent diversity and adaptability due to its ability to showcase a spectrum of colors in its flowers.
WaterThe Spring Vetchling should be watered deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, which typically happens once every week, depending on the climate and the season. To water properly, use a watering can or garden hose to slowly soak the soil around the plant, allowing moisture to reach the root zone. Aim to provide approximately one to one and a half gallons of water during each watering session to ensure adequate hydration, but adjust the amount based on the weather, with less water needed during rainy periods and more during dry spells. Be mindful not to overwater, as Spring Vetchling does not like soggy conditions.
LightThe Spring Vetchling thrives in partial shade to full sun, so it is best to place the plant in a location where it will receive morning sunlight and afternoon shade, or dappled sunlight throughout the day. This plant performs well in a range of light conditions but will flower most abundantly with several hours of direct sunlight while being protected from the intense midday sun, which could stress the plant.
TemperatureSpring Vetchling prefers temperate conditions and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, thriving best between 50°F and 70°F. It can withstand a minimum temperature of about 20°F but should be protected from prolonged freezing conditions. During the summer, ensure the plant is not exposed to temperatures exceeding 80°F for extended periods to prevent heat stress.
PruningPruning the Spring Vetchling is essential for maintaining its shape and encouraging vigorous growth. It's best to prune in late winter or early spring before the new growth starts. Cut back any dead or damaged stems to promote healthy new shoots. This plant generally requires minimal pruning, so it's sufficient to do so once a year unless the plant appears overcrowded, in which case thinning may be beneficial.
CleaningNot needed
SoilSpring vetch requires well-draining soil with a loamy or sandy texture and should be rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH for this perennial plant is between 6.0 and 7.0. A mix of two parts garden soil, one part compost, and one part perlite or sand would create an optimal growing medium for healthy growth.
RepottingSpring vetch plants typically do not need frequent repotting and can thrive in the same container for several years. They should only be repotted if the plant has outgrown its current pot or if the soil needs refreshing. Checking the plant every 2-3 years and repotting as necessary will suffice.
Humidity & MistingSpring vetch plants prefer a moderate level of humidity and can tolerate the average humidity found in most outdoor environments. While specific humidity levels are not strictly required, ensuring the plant has good air circulation will help keep humidity conditions ideal.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in bright indirect light, ensure moderate humidity, and keep soil moist.
Outdoor
Plant in partial shade, fertile soil, water regularly, and protect from frost.
Hardiness zone
4-8 USDA
Life cycleThe life of Lathyrus vernus, commonly known as Spring Vetchling or Spring Pea, begins with seed germination, which occurs in early spring, provided the seeds have undergone a period of cold stratification to break dormancy. Following germination, seedlings establish themselves and develop a root system before sending up shoots and true leaves. During late spring, the Spring Vetchling grows rapidly and produces flowers, which are typically purple, pink, or a mix of colors, leading to its cultivar name 'Rainbow'. After pollination, typically by insects, the flowers develop into seed pods by midsummer, which mature and eventually release seeds. The plant then enters a period of senescence in late summer to autumn as the foliage dies back, with the underground parts surviving the winter. The growth cycle recommences the following spring, with the plant emerging again from its perennial rootstock.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring
Lathyrus vernus, commonly known as Spring Vetchling or Spring Pea, is often propagated in the late winter or early spring before new growth begins. The most popular method for propagating this perennial plant is by seed. To propagate Spring Vetchling by seed, one should first soak the seeds in water for 24 hours to soften the hard outer coating. After soaking, sow the seeds about 1/2 inch deep in a well-draining seed starting mix. Place the container in a bright, but not direct sunlight location and keep the soil moist. Germination can take anywhere from 2 to 4 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown strong enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden after the risk of frost has passed.
