Turkish Sage Phlomis russeliana
ABOUT
Turkish Sage is a perennial plant characterized by its striking foliage and flowers. The leaves are large, heart-shaped, and hairy, presenting a sage green color that provides a lush backdrop for its blooms. During the flowering season, Turkish Sage produces tall, tiered whorls of hooded, yellow flowers, which are stacked in a pagoda-like fashion atop the stem. These blooms attract various pollinators to the garden, including bees and butterflies. The plant has a bushy, clump-forming habit, creating an eye-catching presence wherever it grows. Its unique appearance, with the combination of texturally interesting leaves and showy flowers, makes it a favorite among gardeners looking to add a touch of the exotic to their landscape.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Lamiaceae
Synonyms
Turkish Sage, Jerusalem Sage, Russell's Sage
Common names
Phlomis russeliana, Phlomis viscosa, Phlomis lunariifolia, Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens, Phlomis pungens.
ToxicityTo humans
Turkish Sage is generally not considered toxic to humans. There is limited information available regarding its toxicity which indicates that it is not commonly known to cause harm upon ingestion. However, as with any plant, individual allergies or sensitivities could possibly result in mild stomach upset or skin irritation for some people. It is always advisable to avoid eating or handling any plant unless you are certain it is safe to do so, and to seek medical attention if you suspect poisoning.
To pets
Turkish Sage is not widely documented as a toxic plant to pets. There is no significant evidence to suggest that pets, such as dogs and cats, will experience poisoning upon ingesting this plant. However, as with humans, individual animals may have varying sensitivities, and consuming plant material could potentially lead to gastrointestinal upset in some pets. Always monitor your pet’s behavior and health if they ingest any part of a plant, and consult with your veterinarian if you suspect your pet is having a toxic reaction.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Semi-deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
3 feet (91 cm)
Spread
3 feet (91 cm)
Plant type
Herbaceous
Hardiness zones
7
Native area
Turkey
Benefits
General Benefits- Attracts pollinators - Phlomis russeliana provides nectar and pollen for bees and other pollinating insects, which is vital for maintaining healthy ecosystems.
- Drought-tolerant - This plant is well adapted to survive in dry conditions, making it an excellent choice for water-wise gardens.
- Deer resistant - Due to its specific characteristics, such as the texture or taste of the foliage, Phlomis russeliana is less likely to be damaged by deer.
- Architectural interest - With its tall stems and whorled flowers, it adds structure and a unique visual appeal to garden spaces.
- Low maintenance - Once established, it requires minimal care, making it an easy addition to a garden for those with a busy lifestyle.
- Long flowering period - Phlomis russeliana blooms for an extended period of time, providing color and interest in the garden for much of the growing season.
- Erosion control - The root system of the plant helps to stabilize soil on slopes or areas prone to erosion.
- Provides winter interest - The dried flower stalks of Phlomis russeliana remain attractive in the winter, offering aesthetic value throughout the year.
- Edible for wildlife - Its seeds may provide a food source for birds and other wildlife during the colder months.
- Herbaceous perennial - As a perennial, it returns year after year, reducing the need to replant annually and providing a reliable feature in the landscape.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Phlomis russeliana, commonly known as Turkish sage, can be used as a natural fabric dye, producing a range of yellow to green hues depending on the mordant used.
- In creating sustainable landscapes, Turkish sage is effective for erosion control due to its extensive root system.
- The woolly leaves of Turkish sage can be utilized in crafting, for example, as a natural filler for stuffed toys due to their soft texture.
- Due to its sturdy and attractive seed heads, Turkish sage can be harvested and used in dried flower arrangements and wreaths.
- The plant can serve as a habitat and food source for wildlife, especially as a nectar plant for bees and butterflies.
- Dried Turkish sage leaves can also be used as a natural moth repellent in wardrobes and drawers.
- As an ornamental, it can be used for thematic gardens, such as a Mediterranean or drought-resistant garden design.
- The plant's stalks, once dried, can be used as small stakes in the garden for supporting other plants.
- Turkish sage can be used in permaculture designs, acting as a perennial that requires minimal maintenance once established.
- It can also play a role in educational gardens, helping to demonstrate plant adaptations to dry conditions and attracting pollinators.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Turkish Sage is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Turkish Sage is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Resilience: Phlomis russeliana, commonly known as Turkish Sage, can withstand tough conditions with its robust nature, symbolizing the ability to endure and thrive through adversity.
- Protection: With its sturdy structure and textured leaves, Turkish Sage is often associated with providing protection and safe haven in the garden.
- Warmth: The yellow flowers of Turkish Sage emit a warmth, symbolizing a beacon of light and comfort, much like the cozy warmth of a hearth.
- Healing: In herbal medicine, parts of the plant have been used to create remedies, which leads to its symbolism as a symbol of healing and well-being.
- Persistence: This plant’s ability to regrow each spring, even after harsh winters, makes it a symbol of persistence and the continual renewal of life.
WaterFor the Turkish Sage, water moderately when the soil feels dry to the touch, typically about once a week during active growing seasons of spring and summer. In the hot season, you may need to water the plant twice a week, using roughly 1-2 gallons depending on the plant size and environmental conditions. During autumn and winter, reduce watering to every two weeks or less, as the plant enters a dormant period and requires less moisture. Over-watering can lead to root rot, so ensure good drainage and do not let the plant sit in waterlogged soil.
LightThe Turkish Sage thrives in full sun to partial shade but will produce the best flowering in a spot that receives full sun for at least six hours a day. It is a great plant for sunny borders or open landscapes where it can receive ample light throughout the day. Too much shade can lead to sparse growth and fewer flowers, so choose a location where sunlight is plentiful.
TemperatureTurkish Sage is hardy and can withstand a temperature range from about 10 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, making it suitable for diverse climates. The plant prefers consistently warm conditions but can survive brief cold spells as long as temperatures don't drop below 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Ideal growing temperatures range from 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit for optimal growth and flowering.
PruningPrune Turkish Sage to remove spent flowers and maintain its shape, usually once flowering has finished in late summer or fall. Cutting back the plant by about a third after blooming encourages a second flush of flowers and helps prevent the plant from becoming too leggy. Additionally, periodic pruning during the growing season can help maintain a denser, more attractive form.
CleaningAs needed
SoilTurkish Sage prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. A mix of garden soil, compost, and sand or perlite encourages healthy growth. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
RepottingTurkish Sage typically does not need frequent repotting and can be left undisturbed for several years. It should be repotted only when it has outgrown its current container.
Humidity & MistingTurkish Sage is tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels and does well in the average ambient humidity found in most outdoor settings.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Turkish Sage near a sunny window; water sparingly.
Outdoor
Plant Turkish Sage in full sun; well-drained soil is crucial.
Hardiness zone
4-9 USDA
Life cycleTurkish Sage (Phlomis russeliana) begins its lifecycle as a seed, typically germinating in the spring after experiencing a period of cold stratification through winter. Upon sprouting, the seedling grows into a young plant with distinctive heart-shaped, bold-textured leaves. As a herbaceous perennial, it enters a vegetative stage, developing a sturdy stem and a rosette of leaves during its first growing season. The flowering stage usually occurs in the second year when stalks topped with whorls of yellow, hooded flowers bloom in early to mid-summer, attracting pollinators. After pollination, the plant sets seed, which is then dispersed by wind or wildlife, completing its reproductive cycle. In fall to winter, the above-ground part of the plant dies back, while the root system remains alive to regenerate the next spring, continuing the life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to Summer
The Turkish sage, scientifically known as Phlomis russeliana, is commonly propagated through seed sowing or division. The most popular method of propagation for Turkish sage is by seed. Seeds can be sown in pots or trays with well-draining soil during early spring. It's essential to lightly cover the seeds with soil and keep the soil moist until germination, which usually occurs within 2 to 4 weeks. Once the seedlings have developed their first true leaves and are large enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual pots. They should be grown on in cooler conditions until they are well established and can be planted out in the garden after the last frost has passed.
