European White Water Lily Nymphaea alba (H)
ABOUT
Nymphaea alba, commonly known as the European white water lily or white water rose, is a perennial aquatic plant that graces still freshwater habitats with its ethereal beauty. This plant is rooted in the muddy bottom of water bodies, from which it sends up to the surface large, round leaves that are green on top and usually reddish-purple underneath. These smooth, waxy, and buoyant leaves are notable for their overlapping pattern and the distinct slit that goes from the edge to the center. The plant is famous for its stunning flowers, which have multiple layers of white petals surrounding a golden yellow center. These blossoms are cup-shaped, exceedingly fragrant, and sit gracefully on the water's surface, supported by flexible stems. The flowers have the unique characteristic of opening during the morning and closing at dusk. In addition to its lovely blooms, it produces round, green, berry-like fruits that are submerged underwater.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Nymphaeaceae
Synonyms
White Water Lily, White Nenuphar, European White Waterlily, White Lotus, White Water Rose
Common names
Castalia alba, Castalia speciosa, Leuconymphaea alba, Nymphaea occidentalis, Nymphaea spenneriana, Nymphaea candida.
ToxicityTo humans
The most common common name of Nymphaea alba is white water lily. White water lily is not considered toxic to humans. There are no well-documented reports of poisoning from ingestion of this plant. It has been historically used in herbal medicine, suggesting that it has a low toxicity profile when used appropriately. However, as with any plant, individual allergies and reactions can occur, and it is always advisable to exercise caution and consult with a healthcare provider before ingesting any plant material.
To pets
White water lily is the most common common name of Nymphaea alba. This plant is not known to be toxic to pets. There are no significant reports of toxicity in pets such as cats and dogs from ingesting white water lily. However, as individual pets can sometimes have sensitivities or allergic reactions to plants that are generally considered safe, it is always best to prevent pets from ingesting any non-food plant material and to consult with a veterinarian if any adverse reactions are observed.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
6 inches (15 cm)
Spread
3 feet (91 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
4
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Water Landscaping: Nymphaea alba, commonly known as the European white waterlily, adds aesthetic value to water gardens and ponds.
- Habitat for Wildlife: Provides a habitat and breeding ground for a variety of aquatic organisms, including fish and amphibians.
- Shade and Temperature Control: The large leaves create shade over the water surface, which can help control the temperature and protect aquatic life from extreme sunlight.
- Erosion Control: The root system can help stabilize pond banks and prevent erosion.
- Oxygenation: Like many aquatic plants, it contributes to oxygenating the water, which benefits the overall health of the aquatic ecosystem.
- Pollinator Attraction: Flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, aiding in the pollination of nearby plants.
- Recreational Use: The plant's presence can enhance recreational activities such as pond fishing, boating, and photography.
Medical Properties- Antispasmodic: Nymphaea alba has been traditionally used for its antispasmodic effects, helping to relax muscles and ease cramps.
- Anxiolytic: The plant possesses anxiolytic properties, which may help alleviate anxiety and induce calmness.
- Sedative: It has been used for its mild sedative effects to promote sleep and reduce insomnia.
- Analgesic: Nymphaea alba may have pain-relieving properties, making it useful for managing minor aches and pains.
- Aphrodisiac: There is some historical use of the plant as an aphrodisiac to increase libido and sexual desire.
- Antioxidant: The plant contains compounds that have antioxidant activities, helping to protect the body against oxidative stress.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Water lily seeds, also known as makhana, can be roasted and eaten as a snack or added to sweets and savories in Indian cuisine.
- These plants have historically been used to symbolize purity and beauty in various cultures, often appearing in art and literature.
- In some regions, water lily flowers are used for decorative purposes at weddings and celebrations, floating in water bowls or pools.
- The large leaves of water lilies provide shelter and habitat for aquatic life, helping to maintain a healthy ecosystem in ponds and slow-moving waters.
- Nymphaea alba can be used in water gardens for ornamental purposes, adding an aesthetic appeal with their large, floating leaves and blossoms.
- Fishermen sometimes use the plant's large leaves to sit on while fishing, as a natural water-repellent platform.
- The fibrous rootstocks of water lilies can be woven into mats or crafted into traditional items by local artisans.
- The sturdy stems of water lilies are sometimes used in floral arrangements, providing support for other flowers in bouquets.
- Water lily ponds can be a natural method for water purification, as the plants can help absorb certain nutrients and contaminants.
- The plant is sometimes incorporated into natural swimming ponds, adding both beauty and assisting with maintaining water clarity.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe White Water Lily is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe White Water Lily is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Purity: The European White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba) is commonly associated with purity due to its white, unblemished petals and its propensity to bloom in clear waters.
- Innocence: Its pristine beauty often symbolizes innocence, akin to the unspoiled nature of its habitat.
- Tranquility: The calm and peaceful environment where the European White Water Lily thrives lends it a symbolism of tranquility and peace.
- Mystery: The plant's emergence from murky pond bottoms to bloom on the water surface gives it an air of mystery and the unknown.
- Enlightenment: In some spiritual and religious contexts, the European White Water Lily is emblematic of enlightenment, as it rises from the dark watery depths towards light.
- Creation and Birth: The lily's growth cycle, from seed to flower, has been likened to the process of creation or birth, symbolizing new beginnings and life.
WaterThe European White Water Lily, commonly known as the Water Lily, thrives in aquatic conditions, so it is typically submerged in water rather than watered in the traditional sense. When grown in a pond or container water garden, ensure the plant's rhizomes are under at least 12 inches of water to avoid drying out, but do not exceed a depth of 30 inches. During the growing season, top up the water as needed to maintain this level, which can vary depending on climate and temperature. Evaporation can be significant during hot weather, so you might need to add water weekly or more often. As the Water Lily is an aquatic plant, there is no fixed amount of water to add; you just need to maintain the water level within the recommended range.
LightThe Water Lily prefers full sunlight to flourish and bloom well. It should be placed in a spot where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. Partial shade is tolerable, but too much shade will result in fewer blooms. When positioning plants in a pond or water garden, consider the path of the sun to ensure the Water Lily gets adequate exposure throughout the day.
TemperatureWater Lilies like the European White Water Lily generally do well in a range of temperatures but prefer a range from 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit for optimum growth. They can survive in temperatures as low as about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, but will go dormant and should not be exposed to freezing conditions to avoid rhizome damage. The ideal temperature range provides a conducive environment for flowering and helps maintain healthy foliage.
PruningPruning the Water Lily is essential to maintain its health and appearance. Remove yellow or decaying leaves and spent flowers to encourage new growth and prevent rot. The best time for pruning is during the growing season when the plant is actively producing new foliage and blooms. Pruning can be done as needed, usually every few weeks, to keep the plant looking tidy.
CleaningAs needed
SoilThe best soil mix for the White Water Lily is heavy loam soil without added peat or compost. It thrives in a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0, which mimics its natural freshwater habitat.
RepottingWhite Water Lilies typically need to be repotted every 1 to 3 years to refresh the soil and allow space for growth.
Humidity & MistingAs an aquatic plant, the White Water Lily requires high humidity levels, typically found at the surface of a body of water where it grows naturally.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Use a deep water container with loam soil; place in full sunlight.
Outdoor
Plant in still or slow-moving water, full sun, in mud substrate.
Hardiness zone
4-10 USDA
Life cycleThe European White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba) begins its life as a seed, which, after dispersing, settles into the silty or muddy bottom of a water body. Once embedded, the seed germinates and produces a small tuber that anchors the plant, growing roots and a rosette of floating leaves through its juvenile phase. The plant reaches maturity when it starts producing flowers; these are hermaphroditic, white, fragrant, and bloom from late spring to early autumn, primarily pollinated by insects. After pollination, the flower stalks bend down towards the water, allowing the fruit, a berry-like structure called a spongy berry, to develop underwater. The fruit releases seeds, completing the reproductive cycle, some of which will germinate while others lay dormant over winter or longer, ensuring survival in variable conditions. Overwintering of adult plants occurs with rhizomes buried in the lake or riverbed, which will regrow the following spring.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-summer
Propogation: The most popular method of propagation for the European White Water Lily, Nymphaea alba, is by division of its rhizomes, which is typically done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. The rhizome should be lifted from the water or the pot and cut into sections, ensuring that each piece has at least one bud or 'eye'. These sections are then planted in pots filled with a heavy loam soil and submerged in shallow water, approximately 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 centimeters) deep, to allow for the new growth to emerge. It is important to keep the newly planted rhizomes warm and ensure that the water remains still to reduce disturbance of the soil around the plant until it establishes a new root system.
