Malus domestica 'Arthur Turner' (C)
ABOUT
The 'Arthur Turner' apple tree is known for its appealing aesthetic and is revered for its capacity to produce fruit. This variety showcases a profusion of blossoms that are predominantly of a soft pink hue when they first emerge, gradually transitioning to a pristine white as they mature. The leaves of the 'Arthur Turner' are lush and exhibit a bright green color, contributing to the vibrant appearance of the tree throughout the growing season. When it comes to the fruit, the apples themselves are generous in size and have a pleasingly round to slightly conical shape. The skin of the Arthur Turner apple is particularly attractive, boasting a yellow-green background adorned with subtle red flushes or stripes, which gives the fruit an inviting appearance. The flesh inside is usually tender and pale, providing a slightly sharp yet sweet flavor that is often associated with culinary uses. While the appearance of the fruits and flowers is distinct, the specifics of the apple tree's growth habits and overall dimensions are not to be discussed.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Rosaceae
Synonyms
Arthur Turner Apple
Common names
Malus domestica 'Arthur Turner'
ToxicityTo humans
The most common name for Malus domestica 'Arthur Turner' is the apple tree. Apples themselves are not toxic to humans and are widely consumed. However, the seeds of apples contain amygdalin, a compound that can release cyanide when digested. Eating an occasional apple seed is generally considered harmless due to the low amount of amygdalin, but consuming large quantities of crushed or chewed apple seeds could potentially lead to cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, seizures, cardiac arrest, and could be fatal if untreated.
To pets
The apple tree (most common name) can be toxic to pets if they consume the seeds, leaves, or stems of the fruit, as these parts contain cyanide-releasing compounds including amygdalin. The flesh of the apple is generally safe for pets in moderation. However, ingestion of apple seeds, leaves, or stems in significant quantities can potentially lead to cyanide poisoning in pets. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning in pets may include dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting, shock, and in extreme cases, collapse or seizures. If poisoning is suspected, it is important to seek immediate veterinary care.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
10-15 feet (3-4.5 meters)
Spread
12-15 feet (3.6-4.5 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: This cultivar of apple tree produces large, white or pink blossoms that are aesthetically pleasing during the spring.
- Fruit Production: 'Arthur Turner' produces cooking apples, which can be used for a variety of culinary purposes such as pies, sauces, and baking.
- Wildlife Attraction: Apple blossoms attract bees and other pollinators, while the fruit provides food for birds and other wildlife.
- Shade and Shelter: As a tree, it provides shade and can serve as a windbreak or a privacy screen when planted in a row or group.
- Seasonal Interest: 'Arthur Turner' has a seasonal progression of interest—from blossoms in spring, to lush green foliage in summer, to fruit in autumn.
- Local Food Source: Growing apple trees encourages local food production and can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transporting food.
- Habitat Support: The tree can be part of a healthy ecosystem, supporting various insects and organisms that rely on it for habitat and food.
- Educational Opportunities: Ideal for teaching about plant growth, fruit development, and the importance of pollinators in our ecosystem.
Medical Properties- Antioxidant content: The fruit of Malus domestica, commonly known as the apple, contains antioxidants such as vitamin C and polyphenols, which can help protect cells from oxidative damage.
- Dietary Fiber: Apples are a good source of dietary fiber which can aid in digestion and support a healthy gastrointestinal tract.
- Cardiovascular Health: Consuming apples may contribute to heart health due to the presence of soluble fiber, which can help to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
- Blood Sugar Regulation: The type of fiber found in apples can slow the absorption of sugar, potentially helping to regulate blood sugar levels.
- Anti-inflammatory properties: The polyphenols in apples may have anti-inflammatory effects, which could be beneficial in reducing the risk of certain chronic diseases.
- Dental Care: The act of eating an apple can stimulate saliva production, which helps reduce tooth decay by lowering bacteria levels.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Crafting Natural Dyes: The leaves and bark of apple trees, such as Arthur Turner apples, can be used to create natural dyes for fabrics, with mordants altering the color produced.
- Woodworking Projects: While not a first choice due to its size, branches can be used for small woodworking projects such as carving kitchen utensils or decorative objects.
- Photography Prop: The striking blossoms and fruits of the apple tree can serve as a beautiful prop for outdoor photography during different seasons.
- Wildlife Habitat: Provide a habitat or food source for wildlife, including birds and beneficial insects, helping to maintain a healthy ecosystem in your garden.
- Soil Stabilization: The root systems of apple trees can help prevent soil erosion in certain landscapes.
- Educational Resource: Use the tree's growth stages from blossom to fruit as an educational tool to teach children about plant life cycles.
- Backyard Climbing Structure: For families with children, a sturdy apple tree can be a natural climbing structure in a safe environment.
- Eco-friendly Confetti: Dried flower petals or small leaves can be used as a biodegradable alternative to traditional confetti at events.
- Smoking Meat: Wood chips made from apple tree wood can be utilized for smoking meat to add a sweet, fruity flavor.
- Creating Vinegars: Excess apples can be used in homemade vinegar production, offering a use for fruit that may not be aesthetically perfect for eating.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiApple trees are often associated with peace and health in Feng Shui, they can be planted in the garden to promote positive energy and harmony, and are considered especially auspicious when planted in the East, which is the health and family area.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe apple tree is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Beauty: The blossoms of the apple tree (Malus domestica 'Arthur Turner') are often seen as symbols of beauty and splendor, representing the aesthetic pleasures of nature.
- Love: The apple has historically been associated with love and affection, often featured in mythology and folklore as a fruit that brings people together.
- Knowledge: In many cultures, apples represent knowledge and wisdom, partly due to the biblical story of Adam and Eve where the apple is the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.
- Youthfulness: Apples have a connection with vitality and youth, possibly because of their association with health and the phrase "an apple a day keeps the doctor away."
- Abundance: Apple trees, being fruit-bearing, are also symbols of fertility and abundance, often representing a generous yield or plenty.
- Immortality: In Norse and Greek mythology, apples are related to immortality and eternal youth, as gods and goddesses consumed them for everlasting life.
- Prosperity: Often associated with harvest and agricultural success, apples can symbolize prosperity and wealth.
- Peace: Offering an apple is sometimes seen as a gesture of peace or a means to end a conflict, symbolizing the resolution and harmony.
WaterArthur Turner apple trees should be watered deeply to encourage deep root growth, especially during their first growing season. Mature trees generally need around 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. During dry periods without rain, it's necessary to provide supplemental water, which for a mature tree, equates to about 15-20 gallons per week, divided into two watering sessions. It's essential to avoid overwatering which can lead to root rot, so soil should be allowed to dry out between watering, especially for well-established trees. During the winter dormant period, watering is usually not required unless there is a prolonged dry spell.
LightArthur Turner apple trees thrive in full sun, which means they need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. The best spot to plant them is in an open area where they will receive unfiltered sunlight throughout the day. Too much shade can reduce fruit production and increase susceptibility to pests and diseases.
TemperatureArthur Turner apple trees prefer a moderate climate and are hardy in a range of temperatures. They can typically withstand winter lows down to -20°F, while during the growing season, they flourish in temperatures between 60°F and 75°F. They require a period of winter chill for successful fruit set, making them suitable for planting in areas with definitive seasons.
PruningArthur Turner apple trees require annual pruning to maintain tree health, encourage fruit production, and improve air circulation. The best time to prune is late winter to early spring before new growth starts. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches and thin out the canopy to allow light to penetrate, aiming to prune up to a quarter of the tree's total branches each year.
CleaningAs needed
SoilApple trees like 'Arthur Turner' prefer well-draining loamy soil enriched with organic matter. The best soil mix would include equal parts of garden loam, peat moss, and aged manure or compost to provide nutrients. The ideal soil pH for apple trees is slightly acidic, around 6.0 to 6.5.
Repotting'Arthur Turner' apple trees, being large fruit trees, are not commonly repotted as they are usually planted directly into the ground. Once planted, they do not require repotting but may need transplanting if they outgrow their space or conditions are not suitable.
Humidity & MistingApple trees like 'Arthur Turner' are tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels and do not have specific humidity requirements. They do well in the natural outdoor humidity in most temperate climates where apples are commonly grown.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Hard to grow indoors; requires light, space.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun, well-drained soil, space widely.
Hardiness zone
4-8 USDA
Life cycleThe Arthur Turner apple tree starts its life cycle as a seed which germinates when soil temperatures and moisture levels are just right, typically in spring. Once the seedling emerges, it will grow into a young tree, called a sapling, focusing on establishing its root system and producing its first leaves. As the tree matures, it enters a vegetative state where it increases in height and girth, and its root system expands. After several years, usually between 3 and 5, the Arthur Turner apple tree will reach reproductive maturity and bloom in late spring with fragrant white or pink flowers that are pollinated by insects. Following pollination, fruits develop, growing throughout the summer and typically maturing by late summer to autumn, when they are harvested. The tree then enters a period of dormancy during the winter, conserving energy before the cycle begins anew with the next growing season.
PropogationPropogation time
Late winter
Propogation: The 'Arthur Turner' apple, a cultivar of Malus domestica, is most commonly propagated by grafting, particularly during the dormant season, which is typically in late winter to early spring. This method involves joining a piece of a mature 'Arthur Turner' tree, known as a scion, which contains the desired genetic material, to a rootstock that has been selected for its adaptability, disease resistance, and size control. The scion is cut at an angle to match a cut on the rootstock, which is also made at a complementary angle, allowing for maximum contact between the vascular tissues. This union is then securely wrapped and sealed with grafting tape or wax to prevent dehydration and infection. Over time, the tissues of the scion and rootstock grow together, establishing a strong graft union, creating a new apple tree that combines the best characteristics of both the 'Arthur Turner' variety and the chosen rootstock.
