Sweet Basil Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano'
ABOUT
This plant, commonly known as Italian basil or Neapolitan basil, showcases broad, lush green leaves that have a wrinkled, or crinkled texture which captures light and adds dimension to its appearance. The foliage is known for its generous size compared to other basil varieties, which contributes to its robust and bushy silhouette. Its leaves emit a delightful fragrance that is typically associated with Italian cuisine and might evoke thoughts of fresh pesto and other aromatic dishes. This variety tends to have a slightly more intense flavor, with sweet and spicy notes that are coveted in culinary use. When the plant matures, it can produce small, delicate flowers that cluster together at the top of the stems, usually in shades of white or pale purple, adding a gentle contrast to the rich greenery. The overall visual impact of this basil is one of lushness and abundance, making it a favorite both in the herb garden and as a flavorful addition to a wide range of recipes.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Lamiaceae
Synonyms
Neapolitan Basil, Napoletano Basil, Italian Basil
Common names
Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano'.
ToxicityTo humans
Sweet basil is generally recognized as safe for human consumption when used in cooking and as a flavoring agent. There are no well-known toxic effects from eating sweet basil, including the 'Napoletano' variety, in typical food quantities. However, as with many plants, consuming it in excessive amounts could potentially cause digestive upset or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is also important to note that some people may have sensitivity to the essential oils present in basil if they have a pre-existing allergy to plants in the mint family. Standard culinary use is not associated with toxicity in humans.
To pets
Sweet basil is not considered toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. It can be safely used in small amounts, such as when used as a seasoning in food. There are no widespread reports of pets being poisoned by consuming the 'Napoletano' variety of sweet basil. However, individual animals might have varying sensitivities, and consuming large quantities could potentially cause mild gastrointestinal distress, such as vomiting or diarrhea. As a precaution, it is always recommended to introduce any new food to pets in small quantities and to consult with a veterinarian if there are any concerns about a pet's health or dietary needs.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Annuals
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
1-2 feet (30-60 cm)
Spread
1 foot (30 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
10
Native area
Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Culinary Use: Sweet basil is extensively used in cooking for its flavorful leaves, enhancing dishes like pesto, salads, pizzas, and pastas.
- Aromatic: The plant emits a pleasant aroma which can be enjoyed in the garden or when used as a fresh cut herb indoors.
- Pollinator Attractant: Sweet basil flowers can attract bees and other beneficial pollinators to the garden, supporting biodiversity.
- Ornamental Value: With its lush green leaves, this variety can provide aesthetic value to gardens and pots.
- Easy to Grow: Sweet basil is known for being easy to cultivate in a variety of climates, making it accessible to many gardeners.
- Culinary Diversity: The leaves can be used fresh or dried, offering versatility in their culinary application.
- Companion Planting: Sweet basil is believed to improve the growth and flavor of certain vegetables like tomatoes and peppers when planted nearby.
Medical Properties- Anti-inflammatory: Contains compounds that may help reduce inflammation in the body.
- Antioxidant: Rich in antioxidants that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
- Antibacterial: Has antibacterial properties that can prevent or inhibit the growth of certain bacteria.
- Antispasmodic: Can help relieve muscle spasms or cramps.
- Adaptogenic: May help the body adapt to stress and restore balance.
- Carminative: Promotes the relief of gas from the stomach or intestines.
- Analgesic: Contains substances that can alleviate pain to some extent.
- Anti-anxiety: Some components might have a calming effect and reduce anxiety.
- Antipyretic: Could help in lowering fever.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Natural Dye: The leaves of basil can be used to make a natural green dye for fabrics and crafts.
- Insect Repellant: Basil can be used to repel mosquitoes and flies. Planting basil near outdoor seating areas can help keep these pests at bay.
- Companion Planting: Basil is often planted alongside tomatoes and other vegetables as it is believed to improve their growth and flavor.
- Aromatherapy: Its strong scent is soothing and can be used in aromatherapy for its calming effects.
- Flavoring Agent: Basil can be used to infuse oils and vinegars with its unique flavor, which can then be used in cooking or as salad dressings.
- Herbal Baths: Fresh or dried basil leaves can be added to bathwater for a fragrant and refreshing herbal bath.
- Culinary Garnish: Basil leaves are used as a decorative and flavorful garnish on dishes, enhancing the visual appeal and taste.
- Seed Saving: Gardeners can save basil seeds from the Napoletano variety to propagate and grow new plants in the following seasons.
- Homemade Potpourri: Dried basil leaves, along with other aromatic herbs, can be used to create a homemade potpourri.
- Bookmarks: Dried leaves can be laminated or pressed in books as natural and fragrant bookmarks.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Basil plant is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Basil plant is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Love: Basil is historically associated with love and is often used in various cultures to symbolize affection and to protect against negative energies in relationships.
- Protection: It is believed to have protective qualities and is often planted in gardens or kept in homes to ward off evil spirits or negative influences.
- Prosperity: In some traditions, basil represents wealth and prosperity, with the idea that it attracts economic success and abundance.
- Good Luck: Carrying a basil leaf in your pocket or using it in spells is thought to bring good luck, particularly in Indian and Mediterranean cultures.
- Purity: The plant is seen as a symbol of purity and is used in religious ceremonies and rituals in various cultures to sanctify and purify.
WaterNeapolitan basil should be watered regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Generally, this plant requires watering once or twice a week, though this can vary depending on climate conditions and soil type. The best method is to water the plant at the base, avoiding wetting the leaves, as this can lead to fungal diseases. Aim to provide about 1 inch of water per week, which could roughly translate to about 0.5 gallons for a standard pot size. Adjust the amount based on temperature and rainfall; during very hot or dry periods, more frequent watering may be necessary.
LightNeapolitan basil thrives in full sun conditions, which means it should receive at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight every day. The best spot for this herb is a south-facing window if grown indoors or an unobstructed sunny spot in the garden. Avoid locations where the plant would be in the shadow of larger plants or structures for the majority of the day, as insufficient light can lead to weak growth and fewer flavorsome leaves.
TemperatureNeapolitan basil prefers warm temperatures and will thrive in conditions between 70°F and 90°F. It can survive minimum temperatures of about 50°F, but frost is detrimental to the plant. Ensure that temperatures do not drop below this point, as basil is sensitive to cold. In regions with very hot summers, providing afternoon shade can help prevent wilting or heat stress.
PruningPruning Neapolitan basil encourages bushier growth and prevents the plant from becoming leggy. It's best to pinch off the tips of the plant and remove any flower buds as they appear to promote leaf production. Prune basil every two to three weeks during the growing season by cutting back the uppermost leaves. The best time for pruning is in the morning when the plant is well-hydrated.
CleaningAs needed
SoilBasil requires a well-draining soil mix with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. A good mix for Sweet Basil might include equal parts of potting soil, perlite, and compost to provide nutrients and improve drainage. Regular monitoring and adjustment of pH can help maintain optimal growing conditions.
RepottingSweet Basil should be repotted annually, preferably in the spring. If the plant becomes root-bound or the soil is exhausted, it may be necessary to repot more frequently to ensure continued growth and health.
Humidity & MistingSweet Basil thrives in moderate humidity levels, around 40-60%. It can tolerate some variation in humidity, but consistently high humidity may promote fungal diseases, while low humidity can stress the plant.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Provide bright light, warm temp, and good air flow for growing Sweet Basil indoors.
Outdoor
Plant Sweet Basil in sun, well-draining soil, and protect from cold.
Hardiness zone
10-11 USDA
Life cycleThe life of the plant commonly known as 'Napoletano' Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano') begins with seed germination, which occurs in warm, moist soil typically after one to two weeks post-planting. Following germination, seedlings emerge and grow into young plants, developing a set of true leaves, distinct from the initial seed leaves (cotyledons). During the vegetative stage, 'Napoletano' Basil grows rapidly, producing lush, large, and wrinkled leaves with a strong scent, suitable for continual harvest. As it enters the flowering stage, it develops spikes with small white or purple flowers, which can be pinched off to encourage more foliage growth and prevent the plant from going to seed too quickly. If allowed to flower, the plant will produce seeds that can be collected for future planting. Finally, 'Napoletano' Basil is an annual herb and will complete its life cycle within one growing season, dying off with the first frosts, after which new plants must be grown from seed again.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
The most popular method of propagation for Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano') is by seed. Sowing can be done in early spring, typically after the last frost when the soil temperature has reached at least 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius). Seeds should be sprinkled on top of prepared, well-drained soil and lightly covered with about 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) of soil. Adequate moisture is necessary for germination, so the soil should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged. Seedlings usually emerge in 7 to 14 days, after which they require ample sunlight and regular watering to thrive. Once they have grown a few sets of true leaves and are large enough to handle, they can be thinned or transplanted to give them ample space to mature.
