Sweet pea Lathyrus latifolius
ABOUT
Lathyrus latifolius, commonly known as the everlasting pea, is characterized by its showy flowers and climbing habit. Its stems are slender and winged, often utilizing tendrils to cling to nearby support, enabling it to scramble over other vegetation. The foliage consists of leaflets that are arranged in pairs along a central stem, ending in a tendril that aids in climbing. Flowering predominantly in the warmer months, the everlasting pea produces impressive spikes of flowers that can range in color from deep pink to white. These flowers, reminiscent of sweet peas, are butterfly-shaped and grouped together in a cluster at the end of the stems. Each individual flower is relatively large and features a banner, wings, and a keel, which are typical parts of the flowers in its family. Once the flowering period concludes, the plant produces seed pods that are flat and contain multiple seeds, which can be dispersed to propagate new plants. The overall growth form is lush and spreading, creating an attractive green backdrop punctuated by the vibrant floral displays during its blooming period. In addition to its ornamental appeal, the everlasting pea is also known to be quite hardy and can be found in various landscapes, including wild areas, gardens, and as part of cultivated ornamental arrangements where vertical visual interest is desired.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Fabaceae.
Synonyms
Perennial Pea, Everlasting Pea, Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea, Pea Vine, Perennial Peavine, Wild Sweet Pea, Everlasting Vetch.
Common names
Lathyrus latifolius L., Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus latifolius var. pilosus, Lathyrus latifolius var. typicus, Lathyrus incarnatus, Lathyrus sylvestris var. pilosus, Lathyrus sylvestris var. latifolius, Lathyrus sylvestris var. pubescens, Lathyrus sylvestris var. sericeus, Orobus latifolius, Orobus sylvestris, Orobus sylvestris var. latifolius.
ToxicityTo humans
Everlasting pea is not considered highly toxic to humans. However, it is important to note that other species within the Lathyrus genus, such as Lathyrus sativus, can be toxic and cause a condition known as lathyrism if ingested in large quantities over time. Lathyrism can lead to paralysis and muscle atrophy due to the presence of neurotoxic amino acids, but there is no widespread evidence that Everlasting pea contains these compounds or causes similar symptoms.
To pets
Everlasting pea is considered to have potential toxicity to pets, especially to horses. The main concern with Lathyrus species is the possible presence of amino acids that can cause a condition known as "lathyrism" if eaten in significant quantities over time. This condition can lead to weakening and paralysis of the hind limbs, as well as other neurological problems. Smaller pets may not typically consume enough of the plant to cause severe poisoning, but it is advisable to keep an eye on pets and prevent them from ingesting plants of the Lathyrus genus.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Pink
Height
6 feet (1.8 meters)
Spread
3 feet (0.9 meters)
Plant type
Climber
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Lathyrus latifolius, commonly known as the perennial pea, has vibrant and attractive flowers that add color and beauty to gardens and landscapes.
- Nitrogen Fixation: Being a member of the legume family, the perennial pea has the ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, which can improve soil fertility and benefit surrounding plants.
- Erosion Control: The robust, fast-growing nature of perennial pea makes it effective for stabilizing soils and controlling erosion on slopes and banks.
- Wildlife Attraction: The flowers of the perennial pea attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, supporting local ecosystems.
- Drought Resistance: Once established, perennial peas are relatively drought-tolerant, requiring minimal watering in suitable climates.
- Low Maintenance: The perennial pea is easy to grow and requires little maintenance, making it a good choice for gardeners of all skill levels.
- Privacy Screening: Due to its climbing habit and dense foliage, perennial pea can be used to create natural privacy screens or to cover unsightly structures.
- Edible Peas: Although not as commonly consumed as the annual sweet pea, the seeds of Lathyrus latifolius can be edible if cooked properly to reduce the presence of a neurotoxin that is present when raw.
Medical Properties- Neurotoxicity: Lathyrus latifolius, also known as Everlasting pea, is not traditionally recognized for medicinal uses. Instead, it is noted for its potential neurotoxic effects due to the presence of a compound called β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), which can lead to lathyrism, a serious neurological condition when consumed in large amounts.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Lathyrus latifolius, commonly known as perennial pea, can be used in landscaping to stabilize soil and prevent erosion due to its vigorous growth and extensive root system.
- The plant's dense foliage provides habitat and shelter for various small animals and beneficial insects, contributing to local biodiversity.
- The flowers of the perennial pea can be used in floral arrangements, adding vibrant color and a touch of the wild to bouquets.
- Dried seed pods from Lathyrus latifolius may be used in crafts and as a part of natural decorative displays, contributing a rustic appeal.
- Agriculturally, the plant has been used as a companion plant to provide natural support for climbing vegetables like beans in small garden plots.
- The tough, fibrous stems of perennial pea can be woven or braided to create natural twine or cordage in a survival or outdoor context.
- The foliage can serve as green mulch, suppressing weeds and eventually decomposing to enrich the soil with organic matter.
- In historical contexts, the robust stems of the perennial pea have been used as rough forage for livestock, particularly goats and sheep, when other feed was scarce.
- As an educational tool, the plant can be used to teach principles of plant growth, pollination, and seed dispersal in schools and nature programs.
- Perennial pea vines can be employed in art installations and garden sculptures, providing a living element that changes with the seasons.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe everlasting pea is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe everlasting pea is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Everlasting Bond: As the most common name of Lathyrus latifolius is "Perennial Pea," the word "perennial" signifies enduring or perpetual, symbolizing an everlasting bond or relationship that stands the test of time.
- Blissful Pleasure: The Perennial Pea's bright and vibrant flowers can symbolize the joy and pleasure that can be found in the simplicity and beauty of nature, suggesting a state of bliss.
- Delicate Strength: Despite their delicate appearance, Perennial Peas are hardy and robust, symbolizing a hidden strength and resilience that belies a seemingly fragile exterior.
- An Appreciation for Nature: Often found climbing and sprawling across landscapes, the Perennial Pea reflects a love and appreciation for the wildness and freedom of the natural world.
WaterPerennial sweet pea, or Lathyrus latifolius, prefers consistent moisture, so during its active growing season in spring and summer, it should be watered once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions. Always check the top inch of soil; if it feels dry, it’s time to water. When irrigating, apply water directly to the soil rather than overhead watering to avoid wetting the foliage, which can lead to fungal diseases. Each watering session should provide enough water to moisten the soil to a depth of about 6 inches, which is typically around 1 to 1.5 gallons for a medium-sized plant. During the fall and winter, reduce watering to every couple of weeks or less since plant's water needs decrease as it enters dormancy.
LightPerennial sweet pea thrives in full sun conditions, meaning it needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. Place it in a spot where it can receive plenty of morning sunlight and, if possible, some afternoon shade, especially in hotter climates, to prevent stress from excessive heat. A south or west-facing location is ideal for ensuring adequate light exposure for the plant to grow strong and produce lots of flowers.
TemperaturePerennial sweet pea can tolerate a range of temperatures but grows best when daytime temperatures are between 60°F and 75°F. It can survive minimum temperatures down to about 20°F, but growth will be hampered if the temperature consistently falls below this. They can endure hot weather up to about 85°F, but prolonged heat may result in reduced blooming or the need for extra watering to prevent stress.
PruningPrune perennial sweet pea to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth. Deadheading, or the removal of spent flowers, can also promote further blooming. It's best to prune in the late winter or early spring before new growth starts; this might involve cutting back the plant by about a third to promote fresh growth. Pruning can be done once a year or as needed to remove dead or damaged limbs.
CleaningAs needed
SoilEverlasting pea thrives in well-draining soil with a loamy texture and prefers a neutral to slightly alkaline pH of around 7.0. A high-quality soil mix for everlasting pea would consist of two parts garden soil, one part well-rotted compost, and one part coarse sand or perlite to improve drainage.
RepottingEverlasting pea, being a perennial plant, does not typically require frequent repotting. It should be repotted or divided every three to four years to rejuvenate the soil and manage its growth.
Humidity & MistingEverlasting pea is tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels and does not require specific humidity conditions to thrive. It grows well in the average outdoor humidity of its growing zones.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place everlasting pea near a sunny window and ensure adequate space for growth.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun to partial shade, in well-draining soil.
Hardiness zone
5-9 USDA.
Life cycleLathyrus latifolius, commonly known as Perennial Pea, begins its life cycle as a seed which germinates in spring, developing a small root system and shoot that emerges from the soil. The seedling grows into a vegetative state, producing compound leaves and climbing tendrils that allow the plant to secure itself as it seeks sunlight. During late spring to midsummer, the plant enters the flowering stage, presenting clusters of pea-like flowers which can be pink, white, or purple in color. After pollination, typically by bees, the flowers develop into pods containing seeds, marking its reproductive phase. As summer ends, the plant matures, the pods dry, and the seeds are dispersed, often lying dormant through winter until conditions are suitable for germination again. Perennial Pea is a hardy climber and may live for several years, repeating this life cycle annually.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Propogation: Perennial sweet pea (Lathyrus latifolius) is commonly propagated by seed. The best time to sow sweet pea seeds is in spring, after the threat of frost has passed and when the soil has warmed to at least 60-65 degrees Fahrenheit (15-18 degrees Celsius). However, seeds can be sown in autumn in mild winter regions. To propagate, collect seeds from the pods once they dry on the plant. Seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing to enhance germination. Plant seeds about 1 inch (2.54 cm) deep in well-draining soil and space them roughly 2-3 inches (5-7.6 cm) apart. Make sure to provide support for the climbing vines as they grow.
