Caucasian fir 'Golden Spreader' Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana 'Golden Spreader'

Water

For the Caucasian fir, commonly known as the Nordmann fir 'Golden Spreader', the watering schedule should be consistent to keep the soil slightly moist but not soggy. During the growing season in spring and summer, watering once every week with about 1 to 2 gallons of water is usually sufficient, depending on rainfall and soil drainage. In the fall and winter, reduce watering to every other week to prevent root rot, especially if the plant is in a region with winter precipitation. Ensure that the water is distributed evenly around the base of the tree, extending out to the edge of the branch spread. If the weather is extremely hot or dry, monitor the soil moisture closely and water more frequently to keep the plant healthy.

Light

The Nordmann fir 'Golden Spreader' prefers a location with full sun or partial shade for optimal growth. Plant it in a spot where it will receive at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. This fir variety can tolerate some shade, but too little light may reduce its growth and the vibrancy of its foliage. Avoid deep, dense shade areas since this can lead to a weaker, less dense plant form.

Temperature

The Nordmann fir 'Golden Spreader' is hardy and can tolerate cold temperatures, typically surviving in zones with minimum temperatures of -20 to -30 degrees Fahrenheit. It thrives in a range of temperatures but does best in cooler climates, preferring an average range of 40 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. It is important to protect the plant from extreme heat, as temperatures consistently above 80 degrees Fahrenheit can stress the plant and potentially cause damage.

Pruning

Pruning the Nordmann fir 'Golden Spreader' is typically done to maintain its attractive shape and to remove any dead or damaged branches. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Cut back to a healthy bud or branch and make clean cuts to avoid damaging the tree. Pruning once a year is sufficient for maintaining its form and encouraging healthy, dense foliage.

Cleaning

Not needed

Soil

The optimal soil mix for the Caucasian Fir 'Golden Spreader' should be well-draining, rich in organic matter, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.0. A mix of loam, peat or compost, and sand would provide a suitable growing medium, ensuring good drainage while retaining moisture and nutrients.

Repotting

The Caucasian Fir 'Golden Spreader' generally does not require frequent repotting as it is a slow-growing plant. When young, repotting may be needed every 2-3 years. Mature plants are typically planted directly in the ground and do not need repotting.

Humidity & Misting

Caucasian Fir 'Golden Spreader' thrives in moderate to high humidity levels. While specifics can vary, aiming for a humidity level around 50% or higher is often suitable, replicating its natural mountainous environment. It is tolerant to lower humidity but may thrive best with higher ambient moisture.

Suitable locations

• Indoor

  Place in bright, indirect light, and ensure good air circulation.

• Outdoor

  Plant in well-draining soil with a sunny to partially shaded site.

• Hardiness zone

  4-7 USDA

Life cycle

Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana 'Golden Spreader,' commonly known as Nordmann Fir, begins its life cycle when its seeds, housed within cones, germinate after a period of cold stratification. The seedlings emerge and grow slowly, establishing a strong root system and developing into young saplings characterized by their rich, green foliage. As the saplings mature into adulthood over many years, they develop a spreading habit with golden-yellow needles, especially pronounced in full sun. Mature trees are conical and may reach a smaller height due to the 'Golden Spreader' cultivar's compact nature. These trees then produce cones at maturity which will shed seeds, ensuring the continuation of the species. The Nordmann Fir can live for many decades, and during its life, it is resilient to pests and diseases, provided it is grown in appropriate conditions with adequate space, light, and well-drained soil.

Propogation

• Propogation time

  Spring to Summer

• The most popular method of propagation for the Caucasian fir, specifically the variety 'Golden Spreader', is through grafting. This method involves taking a piece of the 'Golden Spreader' and attaching it to the rootstock of a common Abies nordmanniana. Grafting is typically done in late winter or early spring, before the new growth starts. The scion, which is a shoot with healthy buds, is carefully joined to a cut in the rootstock so that the vascular tissues align and allow for successful transportation of nutrients. The graft is then wrapped and sealed to prevent dehydration and infection, after which it is left to heal and grow. Grafting ensures that the desirable characteristics of 'Golden Spreader', such as its golden foliage, are preserved in the new trees.