Citron Citrus medica (F)
ABOUT
The Citrus medica, commonly known as the Citron, is a fruit-bearing plant notable for its large, fragrant citrus fruit, which is elongated, oblong, or sometimes finger-shaped. The rind of the citron is usually a bright yellow when ripe, though some varieties may have a greenish-yellow hue. This thick rind is bumpy and rough, with a strong aroma that is more intense than that of other citrus fruits. The leaves of the Citron plant are large, dark green, and glossy with a leathery texture. They are typically oblong or elliptical in shape and have a pointed tip, with a prominent midrib. The edges of the leaves are slightly serrated or toothed. Flowers of the Citron can appear singly or in small clusters and are white or purplish on the outside and white inside. They are known for their sweet fragrance, which perfumes the air around the plant. The petals are thick and waxy, contributing to the plant's ornamental appeal. The Citron's branches are irregular, often with long thorns that provide a form of defense for the plant. The overall structure of the Citron plant is bushy, with a rounded shape, presenting a lush and somewhat tropical appearance. The fruit's flesh is pale yellow or greenish-white and contains several segments packed with small, inedible seeds. Although the juicy content of the fruit is acidic and somewhat bitter compared to other citrus fruits, it is valued for its strong, zesty flavor and is often used in cooking and for making preserves.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Rutaceae.
Synonyms
Citron, Citrus, Etrog, Esrog.
Common names
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis, Citrus limonimedica, Citrus medica var. limoniformis, Citrus medica var. ethrog, Citrus medica f. digitata, Citrus medica var. cedrata, Citrus medica var. acida.
ToxicityTo humans
The most common common name for Citrus medica is citron. Citron is not toxic to humans and is actually consumed in various forms. The fruit's rind can be candied and is often used in baking and cooking because of its unique flavor. However, like other citrus fruits, the citron contains citric acid, and excessive consumption could potentially lead to stomach upset or gastrointestinal discomfort due to the acid content. Sensitivity varies from person to person, but for the majority, citron is not poisonous and does not cause symptoms of poisoning when ingested in normal food amounts.
To pets
Citron is not known to be toxic to pets such as cats or dogs. However, as with humans, the high citric acid content in the fruit can potentially cause mild stomach upset if consumed in large amounts. Generally, citron and other citrus fruits are not a part of a typical diet for pets, and it's advisable to keep such foods away from them to avoid any potential digestive issues. If a pet does consume citron and shows signs of distress, it would likely be due to the acidity rather than toxicity, and it's best to consult with a veterinarian. Symptoms might include vomiting or diarrhea, but this is not indicative of poisoning, just a possible adverse reaction to an unfamiliar food.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
10 feet (3 meters)
Spread
6 feet (1.8 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
10
Native area
Southeast Asia
Benefits
General Benefits- Aromatic: Citrus medica, commonly known as the citron, has a strong, pleasant fragrance that is used in perfumery and as a natural air freshener.
- Culinary Uses: The fruit's rind is often candied or used as a flavoring agent in sweets, baked goods, and alcoholic beverages like limoncello.
- Cultural Significance: The citron is important in many cultural and religious rituals, particularly within Jewish traditions, where it is a key element of the Sukkot festival.
- Ornamental Value: The tree is prized for its beautiful, lush green foliage, fragrant flowers, and striking fruit, making it a popular choice for ornamental gardens and landscapes.
- Pest Repellent: Citron's strong scent is believed to repel certain pests, making it useful in companion planting to protect other crops.
- Natural Dye: The rind contains compounds that can be used as a natural dye for fabrics.
Medical Properties- Antimicrobial: Citrus medica has been used for its antimicrobial properties, potentially inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria and fungi.
- Antioxidant: The fruit's high vitamin C content provides antioxidant benefits, which can help in preventing oxidative stress and related damage in the body.
- Digestive Aid: It has been traditionally used to help with digestive problems, possibly due to its fiber content and phytochemicals.
- Anti-inflammatory: Some compounds found in Citrus medica may have anti-inflammatory effects, which could be beneficial in reducing inflammation in various conditions.
- Antispasmodic: Historically, it has been used to relieve spasms of the muscles or the digestive system.
- Expectorant: It is believed to have expectorant properties, helping in the clearance of mucus from the airways.
- Carminative: The essential oils extracted from Citrus medica are thought to help relieve flatulence and bloating.
- Analgesic: Some uses in traditional medicine suggest it might have pain-relieving qualities.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Culinary garnishing: The rind of the Citron is often candied and used as a fragrant adornment on pastries and desserts for both flavor and decoration.
- Insect repellant: The strong scent of Citron is sometimes used to deter insects in cupboards and drawers by placing slices of its peel in these areas.
- Perfumery: Citron oil is extracted and used in perfumery for its fresh, citrus scent, contributing to various fragrances and aromatic products.
- Religious rituals: In some cultural and religious practices, the Citron fruit is used in ceremonies, such as the Jewish festival of Sukkot, where it is a ritually important element known as the etrog.
- Traditional ceremonies: In Korean culture, Citron tea is often used in traditional Korean wedding ceremonies as a symbol of a sweet and fulfilling marriage.
- Dye production: The rind of Citron contains natural pigments that can be used to produce yellow to greenish dyes for textiles or art projects.
- Bookbinding: The aromatic zest of Citron is sometimes placed within the covers of books to lend a pleasant scent and to keep insects away from the pages.
- Homemade cosmetics: Citron essential oil is used in homemade creams, lotions, and soaps for its fragrance and potential skin toning properties.
- Room freshener: The essential oil or dried peels of Citron can be used as a natural room freshener, adding a refreshing citrus fragrance to living spaces.
- Educational tools: In some classrooms, Citron fruits are used in science experiments to teach students about electricity, as their acidic juice can conduct a small current.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Citron plant is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Citron is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Wealth: Citrus medica, commonly known as Citron, is often associated with wealth due to its unique, luxurious fruit and historical value as a trade commodity.
- Good Fortune: Citron is used in various cultural practices, such as the Jewish festival of Sukkot, signifying blessings and good fortune.
- Longevity: The long lifespan and evergreen nature of the Citron tree symbolize longevity and enduring health.
- Divine Beauty: With its lush foliage and radiant fruit, Citron is sometimes tied to divine or spiritual beauty, expressing a connection to the heavenly or the sacred.
- Fertility: The fruit's abundance of seeds embodies fertility, making it a symbol of prolificacy and potential for new life.
- Purity: In some cultures, Citron's aromatic properties and ritual usage denote purity and are used to cleanse and sanctify spaces.
WaterCitrus medica, commonly known as the Citron, requires consistent watering to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. During the growing season in spring and summer, water the plant approximately once a week with around 24 ounces of water, or until the excess water drains out of the pot. In the fall and winter, reduce watering to every other week, providing around 16 ounces each time, as the plant's water needs decrease. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage to prevent root rot. Adjust the watering frequency based on the plant's environment; hot, dry conditions might necessitate more frequent watering, while cool, humid conditions might require less.
LightCitrus medica, or Citron, thrives in full sun conditions, meaning it prefers to receive at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight a day. The best spot for a Citron plant is in a sunny south-facing window indoors or a spot in the garden where it receives ample sunshine throughout the day. These light conditions will promote healthy growth and plentiful fruit production.
TemperatureCitron plants prefer a warm climate with temperatures ranging between 55 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit; however, they can tolerate temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit for short periods. The ideal growing temperature for Citrus medica is between 65 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Protection from frost is essential, as freezing temperatures can damage the plant.
PruningPrune Citrus medica, or Citron, to maintain shape, remove any dead or diseased branches, and to encourage better air circulation within the canopy. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring, before the new growth begins. Prune moderately, cutting back no more than one-third of the plant's total growth annually. Pruning too often or too much can stress the plant and reduce fruit production.
CleaningAs needed
SoilCitron (Citrus medica) thrives in well-draining and slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. A good soil mix for citron includes equal parts of loamy soil, peat moss, and perlite or sand to facilitate drainage. Regular checking and balancing of the soil pH is beneficial for the citron's health and fruit production.
RepottingCitron (Citrus medica) should be repotted every two to three years, or when rootbound. Younger plants might need repotting more frequently, typically every year, to accommodate their growth rate. Choose a container only one size larger to ensure that the soil doesn't stay wet for too long and risk root rot.
Humidity & MistingCitron (Citrus medica) prefers moderate to high humidity levels, around 50-60%. Maintaining these humidity levels will support the plant’s health and fruit development. A humidifier or regular misting can help achieve the right conditions indoors, while ensuring good air circulation to prevent disease.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Ensure bright, indirect light, and maintain humidity for Citron (Citrus medica).
Outdoor
Plant Citron (Citrus medica) in sunny spot, protect from frost.
Hardiness zone
9-11 USDA
Life cycleThe citron (Citrus medica) begins its life cycle when seeds are dispersed and germinate in fertile, well-drained soil, requiring full sunlight and a warm climate. Seedlings emerge with two cotyledons and start developing true leaves and a strong root system. As the citron matures into a young tree, it undergoes vegetative growth, establishing a sturdy trunk and branching pattern. After a few years, the tree reaches reproductive maturity, producing fragrant white flowers that, once pollinated, develop into the large, aromatic fruits characteristic of the species. The mature citron fruit contains numerous seeds, completing the cycle as these seeds can be dispersed to form new plants. Throughout its life, the citron may experience several fruiting cycles but primarily bears fruit from winter to early spring.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
Propogation: The most popular method of propagating Citrus medica, commonly known as the citron, is through budding. This technique is favored because it allows for the rapid multiplication of plants while also ensuring that the new trees maintain the genetic makeup of the parent. Budding typically involves taking a bud from a desirable citron plant and grafting it onto the stem of a rootstock, which is often a more vigorous or disease-resistant citrus variety. The best time to perform this procedure is usually late summer or early fall when the bark of the rootstock slips easily from the wood, indicating good sap flow. After the bud is inserted and properly secured with budding tape or a rubber band, it takes a few weeks for the bud to fuse with the rootstock. Once a successful union is achieved and the bud begins to grow, typically in the following spring, the top of the rootstock is pruned away just above the new shoot, allowing the grafted bud to develop into the new tree's canopy.
