Daffodil Narcissus rupicola (13)
ABOUT
Narcissus rupicola, commonly known as the daffodil, is a flowering plant with an unmistakable appearance characterized by its vibrant blossoms which herald the arrival of spring. This beautiful plant typically displays a single, striking flower atop each of its stems. The flower consists of a central bell-shaped structure, known as the corona or cup, which is surrounded by a whorl of six petal-like structures called the perianth segments. These perianth segments are generally a gleaming white or a pale yellow, radiating outwards and contrasting with the deeper yellow or orange cup. The daffodil's leaves are slender and long, emanating from the base of the stem in a sword-like fashion. They possess a rich green hue which provides a lush backdrop for the celestial bloom. These leaves are firm yet pliable and grow in a way that they often arch gracefully over, framing the flower and adding to the plant's overall aesthetic allure. The bright and cheerful flowers of the daffodil carry a sense of vibrancy that is closely associated with the rejuvenation of nature during the spring months. Their form and color provide a burst of joy to any landscape, making them widely cherished in gardens and floral arrangements alike. While this description focuses on the plant's visual aspects, the daffodil is also acknowledged for its delightful fragrance, which adds another layer of enchantment to this beloved harbinger of spring.
About this plant
NamesSynonyms
There are no widely recognized common names for Narcissus rupicola, as it is typically referred to by its scientific name.
Common names
Narcissus rupicola subsp. rupicola, Narcissus rupicola subsp. watieri, Narcissus rupicola var. watieri, Narcissus watieri
ToxicityTo humans
Narcissus rupicola, commonly known as the daffodil, contains toxic alkaloids such as lycorine. Ingestion of any part of the daffodil can lead to symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, and even collapse. Contact with the sap may cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
To pets
Daffodil toxicity in pets, particularly dogs and cats, presents similar risks as to humans. Ingesting any part of the plant, especially the bulbs, can cause symptoms such as vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy, tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias. Severe cases can lead to significant organ damage or even death if not treated promptly.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
0.5 feet (15 cm)
Spread
0.5 feet (15 cm)
Plant type
Bulb
Hardiness zones
7
Native area
Spain
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental value: Narcissus rupicola, commonly known as the daffodil, is prized for its attractive, cheerful flowers that herald the arrival of spring.
- Landscape design: It provides a beautiful naturalization effect in gardens, parks, and rural areas, often planted in large clusters for visual impact.
- Pollinator attraction: Daffodils attract bees and other pollinators, which are beneficial for the pollination of nearby plants and the overall health of the ecosystem.
- Low maintenance: Once established, daffodils require minimal care, making them suitable for gardeners of all levels of expertise.
- Resistance to pests: Daffodils are known to be resistant to most pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical treatments.
- Deer and rodent resistance: The bulbs and flowers are typically not favored by deer or rodents, helping to preserve the beauty of a garden without the need for repellents.
- Symbolic meaning: Daffodils have various cultural significances, often symbolizing rebirth and new beginnings, and are commonly used in festive and commemorative events.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Narcissus, including Narcissus rupicola which is often called daffodil, can be used for naturalizing in gardens or grassy areas, as they are capable of spreading and maintaining themselves over many years.
- The bulbs of daffodils can be used as a rodent repellent due to their toxic properties, which rodents generally avoid.
- In perfumery, the scent of some daffodil varieties may be used to create narcissus absolute, which can be utilized as a fragrance note.
- Daffodils can be used in cut flower arrangements to add a bright, cheerful element to bouquets, although they should be kept separate from other flowers because they can emit a substance harmful to other plants.
- Dried daffodil flowers are sometimes used in potpourri to add color and a mild scent to the mix.
- In art and literature, daffodils can be a source of inspiration, symbolizing rebirth and new beginnings.
- The flowers of daffodils are sometimes used in cooking to create daffodil petal jam, though care must be taken to ensure they are a non-toxic variety.
- Daffodils can be used in festivals and celebrations, particularly to signify the start of spring, as is the case with festivals such as the UK's National Daffodil Day.
- Narcissus rupicola can be used in educational settings, such as school gardens, to help teach children about plant biology and the lifecycle of perennials.
- Photographers and artists may use daffodils as subjects for their work due to their vibrant color and association with springtime aesthetics.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Narcissus is traditionally associated with good fortune and wealth in Feng Shui. It is believed to attract positive energy when placed in the wealth corner, known as the southeast area of a home or business. Furthermore, because the Narcissus blooms at the end of winter, it is often used to symbolize the coming of spring and a fresh start. To enhance its positive influence, place the plant in clean water and a clean vase, ensuring it receives plenty of sunlight.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Narcissus is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Self-Love: Named after the character 'Narcissus' from Greek mythology who fell in love with his own reflection, the Narcissus flower is often associated with self-admiration and vanity.
- Renewal: As a spring-blooming flower, the Narcissus is a symbol of rebirth and new beginnings, often linked to the end of winter and the start of a fresh cycle in nature.
- Hope: The bright appearance of the Narcissus makes it a symbol of hope, positivity, and the expectation of good things coming after a dark period.
- Prosperity: In some cultures, the Narcissus is believed to bring good fortune and is associated with wealth and success.
- Uncertainty: Despite its positive associations, some interpretations consider the Narcissus as a symbol of unrequited love or the inability to see beyond oneself, reflecting the mythological character's fate.
WaterThe common name for Narcissus rupicola is 'Wild Daffodil,' and it should be watered moderately during its growth season. Aim for moist soil, but be cautious of overwatering as daffodils do not like to sit in waterlogged conditions. Depending on the weather and soil type, watering once a week with about 0.25 gallons per square yard should suffice. During the dormant season, after the foliage has died back, reduce watering significantly. It is important to provide just enough water to prevent the soil from completely drying out, often equating to just a few onzes every couple of weeks.
LightWild Daffodil thrives best in full to partial sunlight. It should be placed in a spot where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. It can tolerate light shade, particularly in hotter climates, which can protect the blooms from fading quickly.
TemperatureWild Daffodil favors a temperature range that mirrors its native mountainous and coastal Mediterranean climate. It can endure minimum temperatures down to around 20 degrees Fahrenheit and maximum temperatures that do not typically exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Ideally, maintaining an environment that stays within 50 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit encourages the best growth and flowering conditions.
PruningPruning Wild Daffodil generally involves deadheading the spent flowers to maintain a tidy appearance and to prevent seed production, which can divert energy from next year's growth. Pruning should be done immediately after the flowers have faded. Foliage should not be cut back until it has died down naturally to allow nutrients to return to the bulbs for the next growing season.
CleaningAs needed
SoilDaffodil 'Narcissus rupicola' thrives in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.0. The ideal soil mix comprises equal parts of loam, sand, and compost to ensure proper drainage and fertility. Regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season can aid in robust growth.
RepottingDaffodils, including 'Narcissus rupicola', typically do not need frequent repotting and can be left undisturbed for several years. They are usually repotted once the clumps become overcrowded, which can be every 3 to 5 years, to maintain vigor and flower production.
Humidity & MistingDaffodil 'Narcissus rupicola' prefers moderate humidity levels. It does not have specific humidity requirements, but it is important to ensure that the environment is not too dry, especially when grown indoors, to mimic its natural habitat.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place in bright indirect light, ensure good drainage, and maintain moderate temperature.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun to partial shade, and well-drained, fertile soil.
Hardiness zone
4-9 USDA
Life cycleNarcissus rupicola, also known as the cliff daffodil, begins its life cycle as a dry, dormant bulb, which, upon the onset of favorable conditions (moisture and temperature), germinates and develops roots and shoots. The shoot emerges above the soil, revealing strap-shaped leaves and a central flower stalk that bears a single, yellow and white, trumpet-shaped flower. After pollination, typically by insects attracted to the flower's color and fragrance, the flower produces a capsule containing seeds. Once the seeds mature, the plant goes through a period of senescence; the aerial parts die back, and the plant re-enters a period of dormancy. The seeds may disperse and, after a period of rest, can germinate to grow into new bulbs. The bulb can also reproduce asexually through bulb division, creating clones of the parent plant.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to summer
Propogation: Narcissus rupicola, commonly known as the Rock Daffodil, is typically propagated by division after the plant has finished flowering and has gone dormant, usually during late summer to fall. The most popular method involves separating offsets, which are the small bulbs that form at the base of the parent bulb. To propagate Rock Daffodils, carefully unearth the bulbs and gently detach the offsets from the main bulb. These offsets should be allowed to dry for a day or two. Afterwards, plant them approximately 6 inches (15 centimeters) deep and 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) apart in well-draining soil, where they will overwinter and develop roots in preparation for spring growth.
