Marigold Calendula officinalis
ABOUT
Marigold is a flowering plant that typically grows to a height of 1 to 3 feet and spreads about 1 to 2 feet in width. It has attractive, dense foliage composed of dark green leaves.
The plant produces clusters of flowers that range in size from approximately 2 to 4 inches in diameter, adding vibrant colors and beauty to gardens and landscapes.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Asteraceae
Synonyms
Common marigold, Goldins, Jack-on-horseback, Mary's gold, Pot marigold, Rod's gold, Ruddes, Scotch marigold, Souvenir, Yellow goldes, Goldes, Goldings, Golds, Marybuds
Common names
Calendula aurantiaca, Calendula eriocarpa, Calendula hydruntina, Calendula prolifera, Calendula × santamariae, Caltha officinalis
ToxicityTo humans
Marigold flowers are generally considered non-toxic to humans and can be used in culinary and cosmetic applications. However, it's important to note that individual sensitivities or allergies can vary, so it's advisable to exercise caution if consuming or using Marigold products for the first time.
To pets
Marigold flowers are considered non-toxic to most animals, including cats, dogs, and horses. However, while they are generally safe, it's always recommended to monitor pets or livestock when introducing new plants to their environment, as some animals may have specific sensitivities or reactions to certain plant species. If any unusual symptoms occur, it's best to consult a veterinarian for further guidance.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Annuals
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Shades of yellow and orange
Height
Up to 3 feet
Spread
Up to 2 feet
Hardiness zones
1
Native area
South America
Benefits
General BenefitsNatural pest control: Marigolds emit a scent that repels certain pests, making them a popular companion plant in gardens to deter insects and nematodes.
Attract beneficial insects: Marigold flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, which can help with pollination in the garden.
Adds color and beauty: Marigolds come in various vibrant colors, including shades of yellow, orange, and red, adding visual appeal to gardens, borders, and containers.
Low maintenance: Marigolds are relatively easy to grow and require minimal care, making them a suitable choice for both beginner and experienced gardeners.
Edible uses: Certain varieties of marigolds have edible flowers that can be used as a garnish in salads, soups, and other culinary creations.
Soil improvement: Marigolds have the ability to improve soil health by suppressing weeds, reducing soil nematodes, and adding organic matter as they decompose.
Cut flowers: Marigold blooms make attractive cut flowers that can be used in floral arrangements or enjoyed in indoor vases.
Cultural significance: Marigolds hold cultural significance in various traditions and festivals around the world, symbolizing celebration, happiness, and remembrance.
Medical PropertiesAnti-inflammatory: Marigold contains compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, which may help reduce inflammation and promote healing in various conditions such as wounds, skin irritations, and minor burns.
Antimicrobial: The flowers of marigold have antimicrobial properties, making them useful in topical applications to prevent or treat infections. Marigold extracts or ointments are sometimes used to promote wound healing and alleviate certain skin conditions.
Skin healing: Marigold extracts are believed to stimulate tissue regeneration and promote the growth of new skin cells. This property can be beneficial in treating minor cuts, bruises, and skin irritations.
Skin soothing: Marigold has soothing properties that can help alleviate skin discomfort and reduce itchiness associated with conditions like eczema and dermatitis. It is often used in natural skincare products for its calming effects.
Antioxidant: Marigold contains antioxidants that help protect the body against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. These antioxidants may contribute to overall health and well-being.
Digestive aid: Some traditional herbal practices utilize marigold to support digestion and alleviate certain gastrointestinal issues, although scientific evidence is limited in this regard.
Air-purifying QualitiesWhen it comes to air purification, marigolds are not typically considered among the top plants
Other UsesInsect repellent: Marigolds emit a strong fragrance that is known to repel insects. Placing marigolds in your garden or around outdoor seating areas can help deter mosquitoes, flies, and other pests.
Companion planting: Marigolds are often used as companion plants in vegetable gardens. They can attract beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which help control aphids and other pests that can damage crops.
Natural dye: The vibrant petals of marigolds can be used to create natural dyes. Boiling the petals in water can yield a yellow or orange dye that can be used for coloring fabrics or other materials.
Culinary uses: Marigold petals are sometimes used in cooking and as a garnish in salads, soups, and desserts. They can add a touch of color and a mild, slightly citrusy flavor to dishes.
Herbal remedy: Marigolds have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. They are believed to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and are sometimes used topically in the form of ointments or creams to help soothe skin irritations or minor wounds.
Natural dye for poultry feed: The petals of certain marigold varieties, such as calendula, contain compounds called carotenoids that can enhance the color of egg yolks and poultry skin when added to their feed. This is often done to achieve a more vibrant yellow or orange hue.
Floral decoration: Marigolds are popular flowers for creating vibrant floral arrangements and garlands. They can add a pop of color to bouquets, wreaths, and other decorative displays.
Organic pest control: Marigolds are known to produce natural compounds that can repel nematodes, a type of microscopic worm that can damage plant roots. Planting marigolds as a border or intercropping them with susceptible plants can help reduce nematode populations in the soil.
Natural dye for cosmetics: Marigold petals can be used to create natural dyes for homemade cosmetics such as lip balms, soaps, and bath products. The resulting colors can range from pale yellow to deep orange, adding a natural touch to beauty products.
Religious and cultural significance: In some cultures, marigolds hold symbolic and ceremonial value. They are used in religious rituals, festivals, and celebrations, symbolizing purity, good fortune, and protection.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiIn Feng Shui, marigolds are believed to bring positive energy and good luck to the home. They are often used as decorative plants or placed in pots near entrances and windows to attract prosperity and ward off negative energies.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityIn astrology, there is no specific zodiac sign compatibility associated with marigolds
Plant SymbolismMarigolds hold various symbolic meanings in different cultures and contexts. Some common symbolic meanings associated with marigolds include:
Joy and happiness: Marigolds are often seen as cheerful and vibrant flowers, symbolizing joy, positivity, and happiness.
Good fortune and prosperity: In many cultures, marigolds are considered auspicious and are believed to bring good fortune and prosperity to the home or to those who cultivate them.
Love and affection: Marigolds are sometimes associated with love, affection, and strong bonds between individuals. They can be given as a gesture of friendship or used in wedding ceremonies and celebrations.
Protection and warding off negativity: Marigolds are believed to have protective qualities, keeping away negative energies and evil spirits. They are sometimes used in rituals or placed in homes and gardens as a form of spiritual protection.
Remembrance and honoring the deceased: In some cultures, marigolds are used in funeral rituals and as offerings to honor and remember deceased loved ones. They symbolize the beauty of life and serve as a tribute to those who have passed away.
WaterMarigolds generally prefer moderate watering. Water the plants when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. It's important to avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot and other issues.
Provide a deep watering session once or twice a week, allowing the soil to soak up the water but ensuring good drainage to prevent waterlogging.
LightMarigolds thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. They are known for their tolerance to bright and hot conditions. Plant them in a location that receives ample sunlight to promote healthy growth and vibrant blooms.
TemperatureMarigolds are warm-season annuals that prefer moderate to warm temperatures. They can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but their optimal temperature range is between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C). Marigolds can withstand brief periods of cooler temperatures, but they may suffer if exposed to frost or prolonged cold spells. It's best to plant marigolds after the last frost date in your area and provide protection if temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).
PruningPruning marigolds is not necessary for their growth or flowering
CleaningNot needed
SoilMarigolds thrive in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. A fertile, loamy soil with good drainage is ideal for their growth.
The soil pH for marigolds should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.0 to 7.0. Amending the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting can improve its fertility and structure.
RepottingMarigolds are usually grown as annuals and do not require frequent repotting
Humidity & MistingMarigolds prefer moderate humidity levels. They can tolerate a range of humidity conditions, but excessive humidity or prolonged wet foliage can increase the risk of fungal diseases. It's best to provide good air circulation around the plants by spacing them adequately and avoiding overcrowding.
If you're growing marigolds indoors, ensure proper ventilation and avoid placing them in overly humid environments. Maintaining a relative humidity level of around 50-60% is generally suitable for the healthy growth of marigold plants.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Can be grown indoors as a container plant
Outdoor
Can be grown worldwide during the growing season
Hardiness zone
2-11 USDA
Life cycleSeed Germination (Planting): Marigold seeds are typically sown indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost date in your region. This is usually done in late winter or early spring, depending on your location. The seeds germinate within 4-14 days when kept in a warm and moist environment.
Seedling Stage: After germination, the marigold seeds develop into seedlings. This stage lasts for a few weeks as the seedlings develop their true leaves and start to establish their root systems. The seedlings are usually transplanted outdoors once the danger of frost has passed.
Vegetative Growth: Once transplanted, marigolds enter a phase of vegetative growth. They continue to develop their foliage, stems, and root systems. This stage typically lasts for several weeks to a couple of months, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Flowering: Marigolds are known for their vibrant and abundant blooms. The flowering stage usually begins around mid-summer, with the exact timing varying based on the specific variety and environmental factors. Marigolds continue to produce flowers throughout the summer and into the early fall.
Seed Production and Harvest: As the flowers fade, they are replaced by seed pods. These pods contain the seeds for the next generation of marigold plants. Towards the end of the growing season, usually in late summer or early fall, the seed pods mature and turn dry and brown. This is the ideal time to harvest the seeds by collecting the dried pods and extracting the seeds.
PropogationPropogation time
Late winter - early spring
Indoor Sowing: Start by sowing marigold seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost in your area. Fill seed trays or pots with seed-starting mix and plant the seeds at a depth of about ¼ inch. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Germination: Marigold seeds typically germinate within 4-14 days when kept in a warm environment with temperatures around 70-75°F (21-24°C). Provide adequate light, either from a sunny window or grow lights, to help the seedlings grow strong and healthy.
Transplanting: Once the danger of frost has passed and the seedlings have developed a few sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted outdoors. This is usually done in late spring or early summer when the soil has warmed up and the weather is favorable.
Outdoor Planting: Choose a sunny location in your garden with well-draining soil. Space the marigold plants according to the recommended spacing for the specific variety you're growing. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of each seedling, place the seedling in the hole, and gently firm the soil around it.
Care and Maintenance: After transplanting, continue to water the marigold plants regularly, especially during dry periods. Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to help conserve moisture and suppress weed growth. Remove any weeds that may compete with the marigolds for nutrients and water.
PestsSpider mite, Whitefly, Thrips, Aphid, Slugs and snails
DiseasesRoot Rot, Powdery mildew
