Mourning Widow Geranium phaeum
ABOUT
Geranium phaeum, commonly known as "mourning widow" or "dusky cranesbill", is a perennial herbaceous plant that is admired for its distinctly colored flowers and foliage. The flowers of Geranium phaeum typically have a deep, dark purple color, sometimes appearing to be almost black, which is where the common name "mourning widow" comes from, hinting at a sense of somber beauty. Each flower has rounded petals that are slightly reflexed at the edges, and these are poised elegantly atop long, slender stems that sway with the movement of the breeze. In between the flowers, the foliage spreads with lush green leaves that have a unique kidney or heart-like shape with deep indentations, giving them a somewhat lacy appearance. The leaves may also showcase darker zones or marbling on their surface, adding to the striking contrast of the plant's deep-hued flowers. The plant forms an attractive clump, with its blooms standing out against the green leaves, and typically flowers from late spring to early summer. The combination of its richly colored flowers and ornamental leaves makes mourning widow a popular choice for shaded garden areas, where it lends a touch of refined, understated elegance.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Geraniaceae
Synonyms
Dusky Crane's-Bill, Mourning Widow, Black Widow
Common names
Geranium phaeum var. lividum, Geranium lividum, Geranium phaeum var. phaeum, Geranium phaeum subsp. phaeum.
ToxicityTo humans
Dusky cranesbill, commonly known as Geranium phaeum, is generally not considered toxic to humans. There are no significant reports of poisoning or serious side effects associated with consuming parts of this plant. However, as with any plant, individual allergies or sensitivities could occur, and it’s always best to avoid ingesting plants unless they are known to be safe for consumption.
To pets
Dusky cranesbill is also not known to be toxic to pets. There is no widespread evidence to suggest that the Geranium phaeum poses a significant risk if ingested by animals such as dogs and cats. As with humans, it's important to monitor pets for any individual reactions if they happen to consume any part of this plant, but no specific symptomatic toxicity is commonly associated with it.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Purple
Height
2 feet (60 cm)
Spread
2 feet (60 cm)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
4
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Attracts pollinators: Geranium phaeum, commonly known as dusky cranesbill, encourages bees and other beneficial insects to visit the garden, aiding in pollination of crops and flowers.
- Aesthetic value: With its dark purple flowers and attractive foliage, dusky cranesbill adds beauty and variety to landscaping, complementing other plants in mixed borders or shade gardens.
- Low maintenance: Dusky cranesbill is known for its hardiness and ease of care, requiring minimal attention once established, making it suitable for novice gardeners or those with limited time.
- Drought tolerance: Once established, it can withstand periods of drought, reducing the need for frequent watering and aiding in water conservation efforts.
- Ground cover: Its spreading habit helps to cover bare ground quickly, suppressing weeds, minimizing soil erosion, and maintaining soil moisture.
- Habitat creation: Provides shelter and food for wildlife, such as small mammals and birds, contributing to local biodiversity.
Medical Properties- Astringent: Geranium phaeum has been traditionally used for its astringent properties to help tighten tissues and reduce discharge.
- Diuretic: It has been used to stimulate the production of urine, thereby possibly aiding in the removal of waste from the body.
- Homeopathic applications: In homeopathy, Geranium phaeum may be used for symptoms associated with sinusitis and other conditions, although evidence of efficacy is anecdotal and not supported by modern clinical research.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Dye production: The dark hues of Geranium phaeum petals can be used to produce natural dyes for textiles and art projects.
- Ink substitute: The darkly pigmented sap of Geranium phaeum has been historically used as a rudimentary form of ink.
- Companion planting: Due to its ability to tolerate shade, Geranium phaeum can be planted alongside crops that require partial sunlight, providing ground cover and reducing weed growth.
- Indicator plant: Geranium phaeum can be used as an indicator species in woodland gardens to signal the appropriate moisture levels and soil health for other shade-tolerant plants.
- Photography: The unique appearance of Geranium phaeum flowers, with their distinct deep purple coloring, makes them a popular subject for botanical photographers.
- Culinary decoration: The flowers and leaves, though not widely consumed, can be used as ornamental garnishes for salads and desserts.
- Educational tool: Geranium phaeum can be used in educational settings to teach about pollination as it attracts a variety of insects.
- Craft material: The sturdy stems and foliage of Geranium phaeum can be used in floral crafts and as part of wreath making.
- Perfumery: While not a common fragrance source, the subtle scent of Geranium phaeum can potentially be used in the creation of perfumes.
- Soil erosion control: The dense growth habit of Geranium phaeum helps stabilize soil in shaded garden areas that are prone to erosion.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe plant Dusky Cranesbill is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe plant Dusky Cranesbill is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Mourning: The deep purple, almost black flowers of the Geranium phaeum, commonly known as Dusky Cranesbill, are reminiscent of traditional mourning attire, symbolizing sorrow and remembrance.
- Unexpected Meeting: In the language of flowers, it is sometimes said to represent an unexpected meeting, perhaps because of its tendency to pop up spontaneously in shaded garden spots.
- Privacy: Its dense foliage can be seen as a symbol of the need for seclusion or keeping certain aspects of one’s life hidden away from public view.
- True Friendship: Geraniums in general are often associated with true friendship, and the Dusky Cranesbill, with its hardy nature, can symbolize enduring relationships.
WaterFor the Geranium phaeum, commonly known as the dusky cranesbill, water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically once a week. During hotter, drier periods, more frequent watering may be necessary, while in cooler, wetter climates, less frequent watering is required. Each watering should provide enough water to moisten the soil to a depth of several inches, which could be about half a gallon for average-sized plants. Adjust the amount of water based on the size of the plant and pot, ensuring excess water can drain freely to prevent root rot. Over-watering can be as harmful as under-watering, so monitoring the soil moisture level is key.
LightThe dusky cranesbill, or Geranium phaeum, thrives in partial shade to full sun, with dappled sunlight being ideal. It is best placed in a location where it receives morning sun and afternoon shade, especially in areas with hot summers. Avoid full, intense afternoon sunlight, as this can lead to scorching of the leaves.
TemperatureDusky cranesbill prefers temperate climates and can tolerate a range of temperatures but grows best when daytime temperatures are between 65°F and 75°F. It can withstand minimum temperatures down to about 30°F. Ensure that the plant is protected from extreme cold, as temperatures below 30°F can damage or kill the plant.
PruningPrune the dusky cranesbill to promote bushier growth, remove dead or yellowing leaves, and maintain its shape. Cut back the entire plant by a third after blooming, typically in late summer or early fall, to rejuvenate the foliage and possibly encourage a second flush of flowers. Deadheading spent blooms throughout the growing season can also promote further flowering.
CleaningNot needed
SoilDusky Cranesbill thrives in moist, well-draining soil with a pH of 5.8 to 6.3. A mix of garden soil, peat moss, and perlite will ensure adequate drainage and fertility for optimal growth.
RepottingDusky Cranesbill should be repotted every 2 to 3 years to refresh the soil and accommodate root growth, ensuring it remains healthy and vibrant.
Humidity & MistingDusky Cranesbill prefers moderate humidity levels but is adaptable to the typical range found in most homes and gardens without requiring any special adjustments.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Dusky Cranesbill in filtered sunlight with regular watering.
Outdoor
Plant Dusky Cranesbill in partial shade, keep soil moist.
Hardiness zone
4-8 USDA
Life cycleGeranium phaeum, commonly known as dusky cranesbill, begins its life cycle as a seed that germinates in early spring. After germination, seedlings establish a rosette of leaves at the soil surface, which progresses into a mature plant with characteristic lobed leaves and tall flowering stems. Flowering occurs from late spring to early summer, producing dark purple to blackish flowers that are pollinated by insects. After pollination, the plant develops beak-like seed capsules containing several seeds, which, when ripe, are dispersed by a mechanism that flings them from the mother plant. Throughout the summer and into autumn, the plant continues to produce foliage and may flower intermittently. In winter, Geranium phaeum dies back to the ground, surviving with its overwintering rootstock, from which it will regrow the following spring.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring or autumn
One of the most popular methods of propagating Geranium phaeum, commonly known as dusky cranesbill, is by division. This process is best done in either the spring or the fall when the plant is not in full bloom. Division involves carefully digging up the whole plant and gently separating it into smaller pieces, ensuring that each new section has both roots and shoots. These sections can then be replanted in the garden at the same depth they were originally growing and watered thoroughly. This technique allows for the rapid increase of plants and helps to rejuvenate older clumps that might be flowering less profusely.
