Monkey puzzle tree Araucaria araucana
ABOUT
The Araucaria araucana, commonly known as the monkey puzzle tree, is a distinctive evergreen with a unique appearance that sets it apart from other trees. Its branches are arranged in symmetrical tiers around the trunk, creating a structured, almost architectural look. The leaves of the monkey puzzle tree are thick, tough, and scale-like, with a sharp, pointed tip. These leaves completely cover the branches and are a dark green color, which adds to their striking appearance. The branches themselves tend to grow in a somewhat horizontal pattern though they may droop slightly at the ends. This tree has a pyramidal shape, especially when it is young, but it becomes more rounded with age. The trunk is also noteworthy, as it appears sturdy and showcases a rough, grey bark. During its reproductive phase, the monkey puzzle tree produces cones. Female cones are large and globular, taking on a particularly noticeable appearance amidst the dense foliage. In contrast, the male cones are smaller and more elongated. These reproductive structures add further interest to the tree as they mature and become more prominent.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Araucariaceae.
Synonyms
Monkey Puzzle Tree, Chilean Pine, Pehuén, Andean Pine.
Common names
Araucaria imbricata, Columbea imbricata, Dombeya chilensis, Araucaria chilensis.
ToxicityTo humans
The plant known as Monkey Puzzle is not considered toxic to humans. In fact, the seeds of the Monkey Puzzle are edible and have been consumed by indigenous peoples in its native habitat. There are no well-documented cases of poisoning from ingesting parts of the Monkey Puzzle tree.
To pets
Monkey Puzzle is also not known to be toxic to pets. There are no common reports of poisoning in animals such as cats or dogs after ingesting this plant. As with any non-food plant, ingestion of large amounts could potentially cause mild stomach upset due to the fibrous nature of plant material, but toxicity is not a concern with this species.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Height
130 feet (40 meters)
Spread
30 feet (9 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
8
Native area
Chile Argentina
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Araucaria araucana, commonly known as the Monkey Puzzle tree, is often used in landscaping due to its unique, prehistoric appearance and symmetrical, pyramidal shape.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant, making it suitable for gardens in areas with less rainfall.
- Wildlife Habitat: The tree provides shelter and nesting sites for various species of birds and other wildlife.
- Longevity: Monkey Puzzle trees are known for their long lifespan, often living for many centuries, which makes them a historical feature in gardens.
- Erosion Control: With its deep root system, it can help to stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes.
- Non-Invasive: Araucaria araucana is not known to be an invasive species, which means it is less likely to disrupt local ecosystems when planted.
- Cultural Significance: The tree has importance to some indigenous groups and holds interest for those studying paleobotany and natural history.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- The wood of the Monkey puzzle tree is often used in making furniture due to its unique texture and durability.
- Monkey puzzle tree branches can serve as natural perches and shelters for aviary birds when integrated into large birdcages or aviaries.
- In landscaping, young Monkey puzzle trees are sometimes planted in gardens and parks as living fossil representations from the time of the dinosaurs.
- Its sap can be used as a natural adhesive or varnish in some traditional crafts, providing a sustainable alternative to industrial products.
- Monkey puzzle tree cones can be utilized in decorative art or as components for rustic crafts due to their distinctive appearance.
- Woodworkers may use the fine-grained wood of the Monkey puzzle to craft musical instruments, often valuing its acoustic properties.
- In some cultures, the bark of the Monkey puzzle tree is used as a material for constructing containers or utensils for everyday use.
- The dense foliage of the Monkey puzzle can be trimmed and shape to create intricate topiaries in formal gardens.
- The tree's resin, with its unique scent, could potentially be used in the production of niche perfumes and fragrances.
- The spiky appearance of the Monkey puzzle tree is sometimes used in film and television as a stand-in for exotic or otherworldly flora.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Monkey Puzzle Tree is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Monkey Puzzle Tree is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Endurance and Longevity: Araucaria araucana, commonly known as the Monkey Puzzle tree, can live for hundreds of years, symbolizing the ability to withstand the test of time.
- Resilience: The Monkey Puzzle tree is known for its resilience, able to survive in poor soils and resist forest fires, symbolizing the quality of being unyielding and robust in the face of adversity.
- Uniqueness: With its distinct appearance featuring sharp, scale-like leaves and a thick, fire-resistant bark, the Monkey Puzzle tree stands as a symbol of uniqueness and individuality.
- Protection: The tree's sharp leaves serve as a natural deterrent against herbivorous animals, giving it a symbolic association with protection and defense.
WaterThe Monkey Puzzle Tree requires moderate watering, and it's generally best to allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions. Mature trees are quite drought-tolerant but for younger trees, consistent moisture is important. During the growing season, this might translate to watering once every one to two weeks, depending on local climate and soil drainage. At each watering, aim to provide about 1-2 gallons of water for younger trees, ensuring it penetrates deeply to encourage root growth. In winter months, cut back on watering to reflect the reduced growth and evaporation rates.
LightMonkey Puzzle Trees thrive best in full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. They should be placed in a spot where they receive at least six hours of direct sun per day. Avoid deeply shaded areas as insufficient light can hamper the growth of these trees. When planted indoors, ensure they are placed near a window that provides ample bright, indirect sunlight.
TemperatureThe Monkey Puzzle Tree does best in temperatures ranging from 65°F to 75°F, and should not be exposed to temperatures below 20°F, as extreme cold can cause damage. It's hardy up to USDA zone 8, where minimum winter temperatures typically don't drop below 10°F. Ideal growth is seen when the tree is not subjected to prolonged freezes or sweltering heat above 90°F.
PruningMonkey Puzzle Trees generally require no pruning due to their symmetrical growth habit. However, if needed for shape or to remove dead branches, prune during the dormant season, late winter or early spring. Always use clean, sharp tools and make cuts close to a lateral branch or the main trunk. Limit pruning to once per year or less, as the tree responds slowly to cutting.
CleaningNot needed
SoilThe Monkey Puzzle Tree thrives in well-draining soil with a mix of loam, sand, and compost to facilitate root health. For the best soil pH, aim for slightly acidic to neutral, around pH 5.5 to 7.0.
RepottingMonkey Puzzle Trees are slow-growing and seldom need repotting. It's best to repot these trees every 3 to 5 years or when they become root-bound in their current container.
Humidity & MistingMonkey Puzzle Trees prefer moderate humidity levels. While they can tolerate some variation, consistent humidity is beneficial, ideally between 40% to 60%.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Monkey Puzzle in bright light, away from direct heat sources.
Outdoor
Plant in well-draining soil, full sun, shelter from harsh winds.
Hardiness zone
7b-10b USDA
Life cycleAraucaria araucana, commonly known as the Monkey Puzzle Tree, begins its life cycle with seed germination, which occurs in moist, well-drained soil with sufficient warmth. The young seedling emerges, initially growing slowly, but over several years it forms a deep taproot and a sturdy, upright stem. The tree enters a long juvenile phase, during which it develops its distinctive triangular, sharp-edged leaves and begins to exhibit its characteristic symmetrical, pyramidal shape. After approximately 20-40 years, the Monkey Puzzle Tree reaches maturity and starts to produce cones; it is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. Pollination occurs via wind, with the male cones releasing pollen that fertilizes the female cones. Upon successful fertilization, seeds develop within the female cones, eventually falling to the ground or being dispersed by animals, allowing the cycle to begin anew.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-early summer
The most popular method of propagation for the Monkey Puzzle Tree, or Araucaria araucana, is by seed. Seed propagation is ideally done in late winter to early spring. The seeds should be sown about 1 inch (2.54 cm) deep in a well-draining soil mix, preferably in individual pots to avoid disturbance during eventual transplantation. A warm environment, with a temperature around 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (around 18 to 21 degrees Celsius), is conducive for germination. Watering should be regular but not excessive, as Monkey Puzzle seeds are prone to rot in soggy soil. Once the seedlings have emerged and grown sturdy enough, usually after a couple of years, they can be transplanted to their permanent location outdoors. This slow-growing tree requires patience, as it may take many years to reach maturity and considerable height.
