Tarwi Lupinus mutabilis
ABOUT
Lupinus mutabilis, more commonly known as the tarwi or chocho, is a flowering plant that possesses a striking appearance. This plant is characterized by its long, upright spikes adorned with various shades of blue, violet, white, or pink flowers. The flowers are typically arranged in a dense, elongated cluster along the top portion of the stems, creating an impressive display when in full bloom. The leaves of the tarwi are palmately compound, meaning they radiate from a central point and resemble the palm of a hand with extended fingers. Each leaf is divided into several leaflets that are narrow and elongated, with a slightly glossy texture and a rich green color that offers a lush backdrop to the vibrant flowers. The overall structure of the tarwi plant gives it a bushy and robust appearance, with multiple stems branching out from the base. The foliage adds to its visual appeal, making it not only a valuable crop for its edible seeds but also a beautiful ornamental plant in gardens.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Fabaceae
Synonyms
Tarwi, Tarhui, Tawri, Chocho, Andean Lupin, South American Lupin, Pearl Lupin
Common names
Lupinus cruckshanksii, Lupinus mutabilis var. cruckshanksii, Lupinus mutabilis subsp. cruckshanksii.
ToxicityTo humans
The Tarwi plant contains toxic alkaloids, primarily in the seeds, which can be harmful if ingested in their raw form. These alkaloids can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, breathing difficulties, and convulsions. Long-term consumption of the alkaloids can lead to chronic toxicity, potentially affecting the nervous system and organs. However, the toxicity can be reduced by traditional processing methods like soaking and boiling the seeds.
To pets
Similar to humans, the toxicity of the Tarwi plant to pets is primarily due to its alkaloid content. If pets ingest seeds or other parts of the plant, they may experience symptoms like vomiting, lethargy, agitation, tremors, and in severe cases, respiratory failure or death. Care should be taken to ensure that pets do not have access to any part of the Tarwi plant.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Varies
Height
3 feet (0.91 meters)
Spread
2 feet (0.61 meters)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
8
Native area
South America
Benefits
General Benefits- High protein content: Lupinus mutabilis, commonly known as tarwi or Andean lupin, has seeds with a high protein content, making it a valuable food source.
- Nitrogen fixation: Tarwi can fix atmospheric nitrogen, enriching the soil and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
- Diverse culinary uses: The seeds can be used in various culinary applications after soaking to remove bitterness, contributing to food diversity.
- Adaptability to poor soils: Tarwi is able to grow in poor soil conditions, allowing for agricultural use of marginal lands.
- Resistance to pests: Tarwi has natural resistance to some pests, reducing the need for pesticides.
- Drought tolerance: As a resilient plant, tarwi can withstand dry conditions, making it suitable for arid climates.
- Cultural significance: Tarwi holds cultural importance in Andean communities, often used in traditional dishes and ceremonies.
Medical Properties- Antioxidant properties: Lupinus mutabilis may contain compounds that act as antioxidants, potentially helping to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.
- Antidiabetic effects: Some research suggests that compounds in Lupinus mutabilis could help manage blood sugar levels, offering potential benefits for people with diabetes.
- Antihyperlipidemic activity: The plant might have compounds that can aid in reducing high levels of lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood.
- Antimicrobial effects: Elements found in Lupinus mutabilis may have the ability to fight against certain bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
- Anti-inflammatory properties: It is possible that constituents of Lupinus mutabilis have the potential to reduce inflammation in the body.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- The seeds of Lupinus mutabilis, known as tarwi, are traditionally fermented to produce a low-alcohol beverage in some Andean cultures.
- The plant's stems and foliage can be used as a green manure, enriching the soil with nitrogen when plowed under before flowering.
- In the Andes, the seeds are sometimes used as beads for jewelry and handicrafts, due to their uniform shape and variety of natural colors.
- The flowers of the tarwi plant can be used as a natural dye, imparting shades of blue and purple to textiles.
- Fibrous material from the stalks of the tarwi plant may be utilized in the manufacture of paper or as a cellulose source for biofuel production.
- As a nitrogen-fixing plant, Lupinus mutabilis can be included in crop rotations to improve soil fertility without the need for synthetic fertilizers.
- Leaves of the tarwi plant can serve as a forage for livestock, although they must be fed in moderation due to potential alkaloid content.
- The mucilaginous qualities of the soaked seeds are used as a vegan egg-replacer in baking recipes by some innovative chefs.
- The residual meal after oil extraction from tarwi seeds serves as a protein-rich animal feed supplement.
- Crafted floral arrangements sometimes incorporate the colorful spikes of Lupinus mutabilis for their aesthetic appeal.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Lupinus mutabilis, more commonly known as the Tarwi, is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Tarwi is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Innovation and Adaptability: As lupinus mutabilis, also known as Andean lupin or tarwi, can thrive in varied environments, it symbolizes the ability to adapt and innovate to flourish in different conditions.
- Endurance and Perseverance: The hardy nature of the Andean lupin, which allows it to grow in poor soil conditions, makes it a symbol of endurance and the perseverance needed to overcome challenges.
- Transformation and Opportunity: The Andean lupin's transformation from a bitter seed to a protein-rich food source after proper processing symbolizes the potential for change and the opportunities that arise from transformation.
- Nourishment and Sustenance: Given its high nutritional value, the Andean lupin represents nourishment and the sustenance of body and soul, highlighting the importance of physical and spiritual food.
WaterFor the Tarwi, or Lupinus mutabilis, water deeply once a week, providing about 1 to 1.5 gallons per plant, ensuring that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. During hot and dry periods, increase the frequency to twice a week, while in cooler or rainy seasons, reduce watering to prevent root rot. It's crucial to avoid overhead watering to minimize leaf diseases; instead, water at the base of the plant. For container-grown Tarwi, check the soil moisture more frequently, as pots tend to dry out quicker.
LightThe Tarwi thrives in full sun conditions, meaning it requires at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. The best spot for this plant is in an open area, away from the shade of larger trees or buildings, which can ensure that it gets ample sunlight throughout the day. Adequate light is essential for vigorous growth and optimal flower production.
TemperatureTarwi prefers a cool to moderate growing environment, with ideal temperatures ranging between 60 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. It can tolerate minimum temperatures down to about 20 degrees Fahrenheit, but frost can be damaging. Maximum temperatures should not exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit as prolonged heat can stress the plant.
PruningPruning Tarwi is essential for maintaining plant health by removing diseased or dead stems and promoting air circulation. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Deadheading, or removing spent flowers, will encourage continuous blooming throughout the season. Cut back the plant by about a third after flowering to keep it compact and bushy.
CleaningAs needed
SoilFor Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), the optimal soil mix is a well-draining, rich in organic matter medium with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. A mixture of loamy soil, peat, and sand can provide the necessary drainage and aeration. Amend the soil with compost to enhance fertility.
RepottingTarwi plants do not require frequent repotting, generally every 2 to 3 years or when they outgrow their current pot. It's best to repot Tarwi in the spring, just before the growing season begins, to minimize stress on the plant.
Humidity & MistingTarwi plants prefer moderate humidity levels. While specific humidity requirements are not strict, maintaining indoor humidity around 40-50% is beneficial for Tarwi's growth.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Place Tarwi in a sunny spot and rotate for even growth.
Outdoor
Ensure full sun. Protect Tarwi from strong winds and frost.
Hardiness zone
8-10 USDA
Life cycleThe life of Lupinus mutabilis, commonly known as Andean lupin or tarwi, begins with seed germination, typically occurring in the spring when soil temperatures are adequate. Following germination, the seedling emerges and establishes the first set of true leaves, after which the vegetative stage proceeds, characterized by rapid growth of leaves and stems. During the flowering stage, the plant produces tall spikes bearing flowers that are typically blue, violet, or white, and are capable of self-pollination but also attract bees and other pollinators. After successful pollination, the flowering stage transitions into the fruiting stage, where the plant develops pods containing the seeds. These seeds mature within the pods until they are ready to be dispersed, either naturally or through harvesting. The plant may then die back if it is an annual variety, or it can enter a dormancy period and regrow if a perennial, completing the life cycle.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to summer
Lupinus mutabilis, commonly known as the tarwi, is typically propagated through seeds. The most popular method involves sowing the seeds directly into the soil in early spring, after the threat of frost has passed. Seed propagation begins with the scarification of the seeds to break their hard coat, which can be done by gently sanding them or soaking them in warm water for a day to hasten germination. The seeds are then planted about an inch deep (2.54 cm) into well-draining soil and spaced a few inches apart to allow room for growth. Germination usually occurs within 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the soil temperature and moisture levels. Once the seedlings have developed a few sets of true leaves, they can be thinned out or transplanted to their final positions in the garden or larger containers for further growth.
