Plum Prunus domestica (D/c)
ABOUT
Prunus domestica, commonly known as the plum tree, is a deciduous plant with a broad, spreading canopy. It has a central trunk from which multiple branches extend, creating a rounded overall shape. Each spring, the tree blooms with a profusion of small, delicate white flowers that eventually give rise to the plant's eponymous fruit. The leaves of the plum tree are simple and oval-shaped with finely serrated edges and a somewhat glossy surface, displaying a rich green color that adds to the lush appearance of the plant. The fruits produced are usually oval to round, often with a slight indentation on one side, and can come in various colors, from deep purple to red, yellow, or green, depending on the variety. The skin of the plum is smooth, with a natural waxy surface that can give it a subtle sheen. Inside, the flesh is juicy and sweet, typically surrounding a hard pit.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Rosaceae.
Synonyms
European Plum, Common Plum, Domestica Plum, Garden Plum, Prune Plum.
Common names
Prunus communis, Prunus domestica subsp. domestica, Prunus domestica var. domestica, Prunus italica, Prunus oeconomica, Prunus sylvestris, Prunus vulgaris.
ToxicityTo humans
The common name for Prunus domestica is plum. Plums are generally safe for human consumption when the fruit is ripe. However, the seeds, leaves, and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can release cyanide when damaged or consumed. Ingesting large amounts of these parts can lead to cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, weakness, and in severe cases, can lead to respiratory failure and death.
To pets
Plum, the common name for Prunus domestica, can be toxic to pets if they consume the leaves, stems, or seeds. Like in humans, these parts contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide. When a pet ingests a significant amount of these plant parts, it can lead to cyanide poisoning. Symptoms in pets may include dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting, shock, and in severe cases, it can be fatal.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
White
Height
16 feet (4.8 meters)
Spread
20 feet (6 meters)
Plant type
Tree
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Nutritional Value: European plum (Prunus domestica) fruit is rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and antioxidants.
- Dietary Fiber: The fruit provides dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and can help regulate blood sugar levels.
- Vitamin Rich: European plums are a good source of vitamins, especially vitamin C, which supports the immune system.
- Mineral Content: The fruit contains essential minerals like potassium, which helps control heart rate and blood pressure.
- Low in Calories: Plums are relatively low in calories, making them a healthy choice for weight management.
- Versatile Culinary Uses: European plums can be used in a wide range of dishes, from sweet to savory, including jams, tarts, and sauces.
- Ornamental Value: The European plum tree adds aesthetic value to landscapes with its beautiful blossoms and foliage.
- Pollinator Attraction: The flowers attract bees and other pollinators, which is beneficial for the garden ecosystem.
- Shade Provider: Mature trees can provide shade and reduce heat in home gardens and landscapes.
- Cultural Significance: Prunus domestica has a rich history and is often associated with traditions and cultural events in various regions.
Medical Properties- Laxative Effect: Prunus domestica, commonly known as plum, has a mild laxative effect due to the presence of dietary fiber and sorbitol, which can help alleviate constipation.
- Antioxidant Activity: Plums contain various antioxidants such as vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and beta-carotene, which may help in reducing oxidative stress and preventing cellular damage.
- Cardiovascular Health: Some studies suggest that regular consumption of plums can help reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which are beneficial for heart health.
- Bone Health: The fruit may contribute to the maintenance of bone density and the prevention of osteoporosis, thanks to its content of vitamin K and other minerals.
- Improved Digestion: The dietary fiber found in plums also aids in the normalization of bowel movements, potentially improving overall digestive health.
- Blood Sugar Regulation: Plums can potentially help manage blood sugar levels due to their low glycemic index and high fiber content, which can prevent spikes in blood sugar.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Woodworking: The wood of the plum tree is valued for its hardness and is sometimes used in fine woodworking for inlays or small pieces of furniture.
- Ink Production: The bark or fruit of the plum tree can be used to make a natural dye or ink.
- Agricultural Use: Plum trees can be planted as part of a mixed orchard to enhance biodiversity and reduce the spread of pests and diseases among commercial fruit crops.
- Wildlife Habitat: They provide food and shelter for various species of birds and squirrels, which feed on the fruits and use the tree for nesting.
- Culinary Smoking: Wood chips from plum trees are used in smoking meats to impart a unique flavor.
- Folk Instruments: In some cultures, the wood from plum trees is fashioned into musical instruments such as flutes or pipes due to its durability and resonant qualities.
- Landscape Gardening: Plum trees, with their attractive blossoms, are often used for ornamental purposes in landscape gardening to enhance the visual appeal of an area.
- Biochar Production: The prunings and waste wood from plum trees can be converted into biochar, a form of charcoal that can improve soil quality and sequester carbon.
- Tool Handles: The strong wood of Plum trees is sometimes used to make tool handles for garden implements, hammers, and other hand tools.
- Livestock Forage: Leaves and young shoots can sometimes be used as emergency forage for livestock, though not a common practice due to possible toxicity in large amounts.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Plum tree is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Plum tree is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Abundance - Prunus domestica, commonly known as the plum tree, often produces many fruits, symbolizing wealth and abundance.
- Renewal - The plum tree's blossoms in spring are seen as a symbol of new beginnings and the renewal of life.
- Inner Richness - Plums, with their sweet interior hidden by a simple exterior, can represent inner richness transcending outer appearances.
- Perseverance - Plum trees can endure cold winters, representing the human quality of persevering through hard times until reaching success.
- Transformation - The transition of plum blossoms to fruit can symbolize growth and personal transformation.
WaterThe common name for Prunus domestica is the plum tree, and watering should be done carefully to ensure the tree's health. In the growing season, water the tree deeply once a week, providing about 1.5 to 2 gallons per watering for young trees, and approximately 4 to 5 gallons for mature trees, depending on the weather conditions and soil type. During the dormant season, reduce watering frequency to every two to three weeks, unless there is sufficient rain. Overhead watering early in the day allows foliage to dry out, reducing the risk of diseases, while drip irrigation can be more efficient by directing water to the root zone.
LightPlum trees thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. They should be planted in a spot that gets unobstructed sunlight throughout the day which ensures optimal growth and fruit production. Avoid locations where buildings, fences, or other trees may cast too much shade on the plum tree.
TemperaturePlum trees fare best in a temperature range where winters are cold enough to fulfill chill requirements, yet not so harsh as to damage the tree. They can typically withstand winter lows down to 0°F. Ideal growing conditions prevail when spring and summer temperatures average between 75°F and 85°F, but they can still grow in temperatures up to the mid-90s°F during the peak of summer.
PruningPruning of the plum tree is essential for its health, fruit size, and quality. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead or diseased branches, thin out crowded limbs, and trim the tree to maintain an open center for sunlight penetration and good air circulation. This should be done annually to promote strong structure and remove excessive growth.
CleaningAs needed
SoilPrunus domestica, commonly known as plum, thrives in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. A balanced mix of loam, compost, and aged manure will ensure a rich and nutritious medium for optimum growth, supporting fruit development and tree health.
RepottingPlum trees (Prunus domestica) typically do not need frequent repotting as they're often grown in the ground. However, if grown in containers, young trees may need repotting every 2-3 years to provide adequate space for root growth.
Humidity & MistingPlum trees (Prunus domestica) do not have specific humidity requirements and are quite adaptable, but they generally prefer a moderate level of humidity found in typical outdoor conditions.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Plums need full sun, large pots, fertile soil, limited indoor growing possible.
Outdoor
Plant in full sun, well-drained soil, mulch, regular pruning.
Hardiness zone
4-9 USDA
Life cyclePrunus domestica, commonly known as the European plum, begins its life cycle when a seed germinates after experiencing cold stratification, a period of cold temperatures that breaks seed dormancy. The seedling develops into a young tree through vegetative growth, characterized by the development of roots, stems, and leaves. After a few years, the tree reaches maturity and begins the reproductive stage, producing blossoms that, if pollinated by insects such as bees, will set fruit. The plum fruits develop and mature over the summer, turning from green to their final color, usually purple, red, or yellow when ripe. Once the plums are harvested or fall naturally, the seeds within may be dispersed by animals or gravity, and if they land in a suitable location, a new cycle begins. In the absence of extreme conditions, the European plum tree can enter a period of dormancy during the winter, only to resume growth in the following spring.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring-Early Summer
The common plum tree, Prunus domestica, is often propagated by grafting, which is the most popular method for this species. Grafting is typically done in late winter or early spring, just before the tree begins to break dormancy. In this technique, a piece of a desirable plum variety, known as the scion, is attached to a rootstock, which is a plant chosen for its robust root system. The scion is usually a small branch or bud stick of about 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) long that contains at least two or three buds. The scion is carefully joined to the rootstock which has been trimmed to expose a fresh surface, and the two parts must be closely aligned and securely wrapped or taped to ensure they stay together. After successful grafting, the scion will grow and develop into a new plum tree, bearing the fruit of its variety while benefitting from the hardiness of the rootstock's root system.
