Stinking iris Iris foetidissima
ABOUT
The plant commonly known as the Stinking Iris is a perennial with a distinct appearance that sets it apart from other garden plants. This plant is easily recognized by its glossy, evergreen, sword-shaped leaves that emanate directly from the base, creating a dense, clump-forming habit. The leaves are dark green in color and can have a somewhat unpleasant smell when crushed, hence the name "Stinking" Iris. During the blooming period, Stinking Iris produces unique flowers. The blossoms exhibit an interesting color palette, typically appearing in shades of dull purple or a brownish-purple, sometimes with yellow or orange markings on the falls—the petals that hang down. The flowers are not as showy as those of other iris species, but they have a subtle beauty that can be appreciated upon closer inspection. Additionally, one of the most remarkable features of the Stinking Iris is its seed pods. After the flowering period, the plant produces bright orange to scarlet seeds, which are exposed as the seed pods split open in the autumn. These seeds add a splash of color to the plant and are highly decorative, contrasting sharply with the dark green foliage, making this iris species particularly valued for its seed pods in the colder months when little else is in flower.
About this plant
NamesFamily
Iridaceae
Synonyms
Stinking Iris, Roast-beef Plant, Gladdon, Gladwyn, Scarlet-seeded Iris, Stinking Gladwin
Common names
Iris foetidissima var. citrina, Iris foetidissima var. serotina, Iris foetidissima subsp. foetidissima, Xyridion foetidissimum.
ToxicityTo humans
Stinking iris, the common name for Iris foetidissima, is considered to have a low level of toxicity to humans. However, ingestion of any part of the plant, particularly the rhizomes and roots, can potentially lead to discomfort or symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Handling the plant might cause skin irritation for some individuals. It is generally advised to avoid consuming any part of the stinking iris plant due to its potential toxicity.
To pets
Stinking iris, when ingested by pets, may result in mild to moderate symptoms of toxicity. Similar to humans, if pets consume parts of the plant, particularly the rhizomes and roots, they may experience symptoms such as gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting and diarrhea. In some cases, more severe reactions can occur depending on the amount ingested, the size of the pet, and individual sensitivity. It is recommended that pets be kept away from stinking iris to prevent possible poisoning.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Evergreen
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Purple
Height
1-3 feet (0.3-0.9 meters)
Spread
1-2 feet (0.3-0.6 meters)
Plant type
Herb
Hardiness zones
5
Native area
Western Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Iris foetidissima, commonly known as Stinking Iris, is appreciated for its unique beauty and adding ornamental value to gardens with its striking foliage and attractive seed pods.
- Wildlife Habitat: Stinking Iris provides habitat and food for various wildlife, including birds who feed on its seeds.
- Drought Tolerance: It is known for being drought-resistant, making it suitable for dry or xeriscape gardens.
- Shade Tolerance: Stinking Iris can thrive in partial to full shade, offering a viable landscaping option for shaded areas.
- Soil Adaptability: It adapts well to a variety of soil conditions, allowing for flexibility in planting locations.
- Erosion Control: With its dense foliage, Stinking Iris can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes and banks.
- Low Maintenance: It requires minimal upkeep compared to other garden plants, making it ideal for low-maintenance landscapes.
Medical PropertiesThis plant is not used for medical purposes.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- The seeds of Iris foetidissima, also known as the Stinking Iris, can be used for ornamental purposes in jewelry and decorative crafts due to their vivid coloration.
- Dried seed pods can be incorporated into potpourris as they assume an aesthetic, star-like shape when opened.
- The plant can serve as a useful educational tool in botanical studies due to its distinct morphology and seed dispersal mechanisms.
- Stinking Iris can be used in landscape gardening to provide winter interest through its persistent seed pods after other plants have faded.
- The fibrous leaves are sometimes used in traditional basket-weaving practices.
- Stinking Iris is implemented in naturalized planting schemes designed to attract and sustain local wildlife, as some bird species feed on the seeds.
- The rhizomes of Stinking Iris may be included in compost heaps as they can add structural diversity to the composting materials.
- The plant can be used in natural dye production, where its roots and foliage yield subtle hues for textiles.
- In ecological research, the Stinking Iris is a subject of investigation regarding its adaptations to shaded woodland habitats.
- Some artists may use the unique form of Iris foetidissima pods and flowers as inspiration or actual components in botanical illustrations and sculptures.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Stinking Iris is not used in Feng Shui practice.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Stinking Iris is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Hope: The Iris foetidissima, commonly known as the Stinking Iris, often symbolizes hope, reflecting its ability to bloom and bring beauty to gardens and natural landscapes.
- Faith: In various cultural traditions, the iris is a symbol of faith, and Stinking Iris is no exception, echoing the idea of belief and trust in something beyond oneself.
- Wisdom: Historically, irises have been linked with wisdom, and the Stinking Iris carries on this association, representing knowledge and learning.
- Purity: Due to its delicate and pure-looking flowers, the Stinking Iris can symbolize purity, despite its common name suggesting otherwise.
- Courage: The Stinking Iris can also be associated with courage, as the iris flower in general has been a historical emblem of bravery and valor.
WaterThe Stinking Iris, also known as Iris foetidissima, prefers consistent moisture but well-drained soil, avoiding both over-watering and drought conditions. Water deeply once a week, providing about 1 gallon of water per plant to ensure that the roots receive enough moisture, especially during dry spells. During periods of rainfall, you can reduce watering accordingly. In hotter climates or during particularly hot and dry periods, check the soil moisture more frequently and provide additional water if the top inch of soil feels dry. Always aim to water at the base of the plant, keeping the foliage dry to prevent disease.
LightThe Stinking Iris thrives in partial shade but can also adapt to full sun if it gets some protection during the hottest part of the day. A spot with morning sunlight and afternoon shade or dappled sunlight throughout the day is ideal. Protecting the iris from the intense afternoon sun will help prevent leaf burn and ensure the health of the plant.
TemperatureThe Stinking Iris is fairly robust and can tolerate a range of temperatures but prefers a temperate climate. It can survive minimum temperatures down to around 5°F and maximum temperatures up to around 86°F. The ideal temperature range is between 50°F and 70°F, which allows the iris to grow and flower optimally.
PruningPruning Stinking Iris is generally focused on removing spent flower stalks after blooming and cutting back any damaged or diseased foliage. Prune in late summer or early fall to tidy up the plant and maintain its shape. Pruning is not often required except for aesthetic purposes or to improve air circulation within dense clumps.
CleaningAs needed
SoilStinking iris thrives best in a well-draining, humus-rich soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. Mix garden soil with leaf mould and sharp sand to enhance drainage and provide the organic matter this plant prefers.
RepottingStinking iris, generally a hardy plant, does not require frequent repotting; it can be repotted every 2 to 3 years or when it is clearly pot-bound or overcrowded.
Humidity & MistingStinking iris tolerates a wide range of humidity levels but prefers average to high humidity, without the need for specific adjustments in a typical garden setting.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Use well-draining soil and a pot with drainage holes to grow stinking iris indoors.
Outdoor
Plant stinking iris in partial shade with moist, well-drained soil outside.
Hardiness zone
7-9 USDA
Life cycleIris foetidissima, commonly known as Stinking Iris, begins its life cycle with seed germination, typically occurring in spring or autumn in well-drained soil. The seedlings develop into juvenile plants with a base rosette of leaves, and over several years, they mature into adult plants with distinctive long and glossy leaves. The plants reach their flowering stage from late spring to early summer, producing pale lavender to purple flowers. After pollination, primarily by insects, the flowers develop into seed pods that, interestingly, split open in autumn to reveal bright orange to red seeds. The seeds scatter close to the parent plant or are spread by animals, allowing the cycle of germination to start anew. Throughout their life, Stinking Iris plants rely on nutrients stored in underground rhizomes, enabling them to survive in less fertile soils and to perennially regrow after winter dormancy.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to summer
Iris foetidissima, commonly known as stinking iris or gladwyn, is typically propagated by seed. The optimal time to sow seeds is in the fall, allowing them to overwinter and undergo a period of cold stratification, which aids in breaking dormancy. After seeds are collected from spent flower capsules, they can be directly sown into a well-prepared seedbed or pots filled with a mix of soil, peat, and sand. The seeds should be planted at a shallow depth, approximately 1/8 inch (about 3 millimeters) and spaced to allow room for growth. Germination can be slow and may occur the following spring. Once seedlings have developed their first set of true leaves and are large enough to handle, they can be transplanted into their permanent positions in the garden. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged to encourage healthy root growth.
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