Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus (13)
ABOUT
The plant commonly known as the wild daffodil has a striking appearance, characterized by its bright yellow flowers. Each flower is made up of a trumpet-shaped structure set against a star-shaped background of petals, creating a bold and distinctive look. The central trumpet, which is often a deeper yellow than the surrounding petals, is fringed with a delicate ruffled edge that adds to its charm. These flowers emerge from a slender, leafless stalk, which is topped with a single bloom. The leaves of the wild daffodil are narrow and long, with a slightly greyish-green hue that contrasts the vivid yellow of the flowers. These leaves tend to grow at the base of the stalk in a clump and can have a slightly fleshy texture. In the center of the flower, you can often see the reproductive parts, including the stamen and pistil, which stand out against the yellow petals. The stamen with their pollen-coated anthers encircles the central pistil, contributing to the plant's reproductive process. The wild daffodil typically blooms in the early spring, bringing with it a cheerful display of color that can liven up the landscape after the winter months. These flowers not only catch the eye but are also known for their pleasant fragrance. The plant's overall structure and form allow it to sway gently in the breeze, creating a dynamic and almost animated presence in the fields and gardens where it grows.
About this plant
NamesSynonyms
Wild Daffodil, Lent Lily, Easter Lily
Common names
Ajax pseudonarcissus, Narcissus abscissus, Narcissus aureus, Narcissus dubius, Narcissus ganderanus, Narcissus majalis, Narcissus minor, Narcissus moschatus, Narcissus pallidulus, Narcissus polyanthos, Narcissus radians, Narcissus reflexus, Narcissus sylvestris
ToxicityTo humans
Daffodil is considered moderately toxic when ingested. All parts of the plant contain a toxic alkaloid called lycorine. Eating any part of the daffodil can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, ingestion can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions, and potentially life-threatening complications. It's particularly important to be cautious with bulbs, which might be mistaken for edible bulbs such as onions.
To pets
Daffodil is toxic to pets, including dogs, cats, and horses. The primary toxin in daffodils is lycorine, which is present in all parts of the plant, with the bulb being the most dangerous. If a pet consumes daffodil, they might show signs of poisoning, which can include vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, heart rhythm abnormalities, convulsions, and potentially serious cardiac complications. In extreme cases, it can be fatal. Pet owners should prevent their animals from accessing daffodils to avoid accidental ingestion.
CharacteristicsLife cycle
Perennials
Foliage type
Deciduous
Color of leaves
Green
Flower color
Yellow
Height
1 foot 2-3 inches (35-60 cm)
Spread
1 foot (30 cm)
Plant type
Bulb
Hardiness zones
3-9
Native area
Europe
Benefits
General Benefits- Ornamental Value: Daffodil, the common name for Narcissus pseudonarcissus, is widely appreciated for its bright, cheerful yellow flowers that herald the arrival of spring.
- Ecosystem Support: It provides nectar for early spring pollinators when other food sources are scarce.
- Erosion Control: The root system of daffodils can help stabilize soil and protect against erosion, particularly on slopes.
- Naturalizing Effect: Daffodils readily naturalize, meaning they can multiply and spread over time to create expansive drifts without human intervention.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, daffodils are quite tolerant of drought, making them suitable for low-water gardens.
- Deer and Rodent Resistance: These flowers are rarely damaged by deer or rodents, as they are toxic and thus naturally deter animal predation.
- Longevity: Daffodils are perennial and often outlive the gardeners who plant them, with some bulbs flowering for 30 years or more.
- Low Maintenance: Daffodils require minimal care once planted, making them an excellent choice for both novice and experienced gardeners.
- Symbolism: Daffodils are often associated with rebirth and new beginnings, making them a meaningful addition to celebration gardens.
- Cut Flower Use: They make excellent cut flowers due to their long vase life and distinctive appearance.
- Variety of Forms: Daffodils come in a range of shapes and sizes, offering diverse aesthetic options for gardeners.
- Companion Planting: Daffodils can be planted along with other spring-blooming bulbs like tulips and hyacinths for a varied display.
- Community Events: The daffodil is commonly associated with various festivals and events, fostering community spirit and tourism.
Medical Properties- Alzheimer's disease: Some studies suggest that galantamine, a compound found in certain species of Narcissus, including Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Wild Daffodil), can be used in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.
- Antispasmodic: The plant is purported to have antispasmodic properties, which could theoretically be helpful in relieving muscle spasms.
- Wound healing: Traditionally, Narcissus pseudonarcissus has been used in folk medicine for topical applications believed to help in wound healing.
- Emetic: Historically, the plant was used in controlled doses as an emetic to induce vomiting for certain treatments. However, due to its toxicity, this use is not recommended and can be dangerous.
Air-purifying QualitiesThis plant is not specifically known for air purifying qualities.
Other Uses- Dye Production: The flowers of Narcissus pseudonarcissus can be used to produce yellow dye for textiles.
- Luck in Love: In some cultures, carrying a bloom of Narcissus pseudonarcissus is believed to bring luck in love to the bearer.
- Gardening: The bulbs of the plant may be used in companion planting to benefit other plants, as some believe they may repel certain pests and rodents.
- Fragrance Extraction: The scent of Narcissus pseudonarcissus flowers is used in the perfumery industry to create aromatic compounds and fragrances.
- Fish Poison: Historically, plant extracts were used to stupefy fish, making them easier to catch.
- Symbolism: The Narcissus pseudonarcissus is often associated with rebirth and unrequited love, and it is used in art and literature to symbolize these themes.
- Flower Shows: Narcissus pseudonarcissus is a popular feature in competitive flower shows and garden competitions due to its aesthetic appeal.
- Festivals: In certain regions, festivals celebrate the blooming of Narcissus pseudonarcissus, and the flowers are used for decorations and parades.
- Photography: With its striking appearance, the plant is a popular subject for nature photographers and flower enthusiasts.
- Memory Gardens: Narcissus pseudonarcissus is often planted in memory gardens as a symbol of remembrance for loved ones who have passed away.
Interesting Facts
Feng ShuiThe Daffodil is associated with good fortune, prosperity, and new beginnings in Feng Shui. Place Daffodils in the wealth area of your home or office (southeast corner) to attract positive energy and wealth or in the entrance area to welcome new opportunities.
Zodiac Sign CompitabilityThe Daffodil is not used in astrology practice.
Plant Symbolism- Renewal and New Beginnings: Commonly known as the daffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus often blooms at the beginning of spring, symbolizing the end of winter and the arrival of a fresh start.
- Unrequited Love: According to Greek mythology, the flower is associated with the tale of Narcissus who fell in love with his own reflection. Thus, the daffodil can represent unreturned affection.
- Vanity and Self-obsession: Due to the same myth of Narcissus, daffodils can also be a symbol of excessive self-love and focus on one's own beauty.
- Prosperity: In some cultures, daffodils symbolize wealth and success, making them popular gifts to wish someone prosperity in life.
- Respect: Giving daffodils as a bouquet is meant to ensure happiness and convey mutual respect between the giver and the recipient.
- Inspiration: The bright yellow color of the daffodil is often associated with inspiration, creativity, and the ability to overcome challenges with a sunny outlook.
WaterDaffodils require thorough watering at planting and during active growth, but they do not like to be over-watered. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry, providing about 1 inch of water per week, especially in the absence of rain. Watering may be done with a gentle shower from a watering can or a slow drip from a hose to avoid disturbing the soil. During the dormant period, after the foliage has died back, watering should be reduced significantly to prevent bulb rot. Daffodils typically need less water during the summer as they are dormant during this time.
LightDaffodils thrive best in full to partial sunlight, which means they should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. The ideal spot for daffodils would be an area where they can bask in the morning sun but are protected from the intense heat of the late afternoon sun in hotter climates. Dappled shade can also be suitable if direct sunlight is not available, as long as the plants receive sufficient light.
TemperatureDaffodils prefer moderate temperatures and can generally tolerate a range between 50°F and 70°F, which is ideal for their growth. They can survive minimum temperatures down into the low 30s but should not be exposed to prolonged periods of freezing weather. Maximum temperatures should ideally not exceed 80°F for extended periods, as excessively high temperatures may inhibit their growth or flowering.
PruningDaffodils require minimal pruning; deadheading spent flowers is beneficial to prevent seed production, which can divert resources from the bulb. Trim back flower stems to ground level after blossoming, but allow the leaves to remain until they turn yellow and die back naturally. This typically happens in late spring or early summer, depending on the climate.
CleaningAs needed
SoilDaffodils thrive in well-draining, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of loamy soil with added organic matter like compost or peat moss is ideal to provide nutrients and retain moisture without becoming waterlogged.
RepottingDaffodils typically do not need to be repotted often as they are usually grown from bulbs that are planted directly into the ground or outdoor containers. If grown in pots, they should be repotted only when they become pot-bound or every 2 to 3 years.
Humidity & MistingDaffodils prefer average humidity levels. They do well in outdoor conditions where the natural atmosphere provides the humidity they need. Indoor growing should mimic these conditions without the need for excessive humidity adjustments.
Suitable locationsIndoor
Plant daffodils in a pot with drainage and place in bright light.
Outdoor
Plant bulbs in autumn, full sun or part shade, and well-drained soil.
Hardiness zone
3-9 USDA
Life cycleNarcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly known as wild daffodil, begins its life cycle as a seed, which germinates in the spring or early summer. After germination, the plant develops a basal rosette of leaves and a bulb, which serves as an underground storage organ. During this vegetative state, photosynthesis occurs and resources are accumulated in the bulb. Following a period of dormancy in the winter, the stored energy allows the daffodil to bloom in early spring, displaying the hallmark trumpet-shaped yellow flowers. After flowering and pollination, the plant produces capsules containing seeds, and as the flowers fade, the foliage dies back and the plant returns to dormancy, relying on the bulb to survive until the next growing season. This cycle repeats annually, with bulbs capable of producing offsets, leading to new genetically identical plants and gradual spreading of the daffodil in its habitat.
PropogationPropogation time
Spring to Autumn
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly known as the wild daffodil, is typically propagated through division, a process best performed when the plants are dormant, usually in late summer to autumn. To propagate by division, carefully lift the bulbs from the soil after the foliage has died back. Gently separate the small bulblets from the parent bulb. These bulblets are the plant's natural way of producing new individual plants. Once separated, replant the bulbs at a depth of about 6 inches (15.24 cm), spaced a few inches apart to allow room for growth. Over the course of the next growing season, these bulblets will develop into mature plants that can flower in subsequent years. This method of division is advantageous as it maintains the genetic consistency of the wild daffodil population and ensures a display that is true to the parent plants.
